22/08/2024
8 COMMON musculoskeletal diseases and how to prevent them
1. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a bone and joint disease that occurs when the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the joint are damaged, leading to inflammatory reactions and joint effusion. Common causes of osteoarthritis are age and a number of other factors such as genetics, obesity, frequent injuries to the joints, sports accidents, work accidents, and inflammatory joint diseases. such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout or joint infection...
2. Spinal disc herniation
This is a disease caused by the mucous layer in the intervertebral disc spilling out, pressing on the nerves, causing radiculopathy. Spinal disc herniation occurs both in the elderly and in young people. Risk factors for the disease include aging, lifestyle factors, especially sitting for long periods of time, carrying heavy objects and being overweight or obese. Spinal disc herniation most often occurs in the vertebrae that bear a lot of pressure and movement, so herniation often occurs in the lumbar spine and cervical spine.
3. Sciatica
This is a condition in which pain spreads from the buttocks down along the path of the sciatic nerve. Causes of sciatica include:
Herniated disc: This is the most common cause. The mass protruding from the back of the disc causes pressure on the sciatic nerve, causing pain to the patient.
Lumbar spinal degeneration: Degenerative condition causes bone spurs to form and invade the spinal foramen. This is where the sciatic nerve exits the spine. Bone spurs large enough can impact the sciatic nerve, causing pain. Some cases of degenerative narrowing of the spinal canal can also cause pain.
Spondylolisthesis: Spondylolisthesis narrows the spinal foramen, affecting the sciatic nerve, causing pain to the patient.
Some other causes of sciatica are trauma, inflammation...
4. Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a bone and joint disease that involves multiple joints and can affect organs beyond the joints. The disease occurs more often in women than in men and the age at which it is most commonly affected is middle age. The most common symptoms of the disease are swelling, heat, pain and limited movement of the joints in the hand, usually symmetrical on both sides. The patient has constant pain day and night.
5. Gout
Gout occurs when there is a disturbance in purine metabolism in the body, thereby increasing uric acid levels in the blood. Uric acid is formed in the body and is eliminated through urine and f***s. There are many causes of increased uric acid in the blood such as eating too much food containing purines (animal organs, beef, goat meat, lamb, seafood...), reducing uric acid excretion from the body (kidney failure). , genetic disorders...). When uric acid levels in urine increase for a long time, it will lead to the formation and deposition of urate crystals in different organs in the body such as joints, skin, heart, kidneys...
6. Enthesitis
Tendonitis and enthesitis are common diseases in musculoskeletal diseases. There are many tendons in the human body and they can all become inflamed. However, some tendons and tendon attachments have been reported to frequently become inflamed in clinical practice, such as plantar fasciitis (tendonitis in the sole of the foot), Achilles tendonitis, and gastrocnemius tendonitis (inferior tendonitis). knee), enthesitis of the lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle of the humerus, rotator cuff tendinitis...
7. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a condition that occurs due to reduced bone mass and quality, reducing bone density and increasing the risk of bone fractures even with minor trauma. Osteoporosis often occurs in older people, postmenopausal women, malnourished people, long-term use of corticosteroids... The disease can progress silently, without typical clinical symptoms. Patients often only discover the disease when there are complications such as bone fractures or spinal deformities (hunchback, curvature, loss of height).
8. Musculoskeletal diseases due to trauma
Accidents during exercise, exercise, and daily movement can affect the musculoskeletal system, causing pain. Injuries can cause mild symptoms such as non-specific pain due to muscle strain to severe symptoms such as muscle contusion, sprained or torn tendons, torn ligaments or broken bones.
Fractures due to trauma can be life-threatening, such as damage to blood vessels causing excessive blood loss or compression of the spinal cord... These cases require hospitalization and active treatment intervention.
DISEASE PREVENTION TIPS!
Most musculoskeletal diseases are difficult to treat completely, and may even require surgical intervention. Therefore, you should take precautions such as:
Nutrition: Regularly supplement calcium-rich foods such as milk and dairy products, nuts, fish, shrimp... and vegetables.
Exercise mode: Most people who are overweight, obese, and sedentary are at high risk of musculoskeletal diseases. Every day, you should do gentle exercises such as yoga, walking, jogging... to protect your musculoskeletal health.
Living and working regime: You need to constantly change your posture, avoid sitting or standing for too long, limit overwork, and spend a lot of time resting.
Good control
