11/04/2026
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, affecting over 10 million people worldwide. It commonly causes tremors, muscle stiffness, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), and balance issues. While incurable, treatments like medication and therapies can manage symptoms.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (.gov)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (.gov)
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Key Symptoms and Early Signs
Symptoms usually develop gradually and often begin on one side of the body.
National Institute on Aging (.gov)
National Institute on Aging (.gov)
Tremors: Rhythmic shaking, often starting in limbs or fingers.
Bradykinesia: Extreme slowness of movement, making simple tasks difficult.
Rigidity: Stiffness in limbs, neck, or trunk.
Postural Instability: Poor balance and coordination, increasing fall risk.
Early Non-Motor Signs: Frequently include loss of smell, constipation, sleep problems, and small/cramped handwriting.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (.gov)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (.gov)
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Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is unknown, but it involves the buildup of a protein called alpha-synuclein, leading to neuron death. Key risk factors include:
New Scientist
New Scientist
Age: Risk increases with age, usually appearing after 50.
Genetics: 5% to 10% of cases are linked to genetic factors.
Environment: Potential exposure to toxins.
Gender: Men are 1.5 times more likely to develop it than women.
American Association of Neurological Surgeons - AANS
American Association of Neurological Surgeons - AANS
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Progression and Daily Life
Parkinson's is progressive, meaning symptoms worsen over time. In later stages, it may cause severe difficulty walking, talking, or swallowing. Daily life is affected, but treatments such as carbidopa-levodopa can significantly improve quality of life.
