22/01/2024
COMMONLY USED IV FLUIDS AND SOLUTIONS
NAME
Normal Saline (NS), 0.9% NaCl in Water, Crystalloid Solution
TYPE
Isotonic (308 mOsm)
FUNCTIONS
》Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate
》Shock
》Fluid replacement in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
》Hyponatremia
》Blood transfusions
》Resuscitation
》Metabolic Alkalosis
》Hypercalcemia
PRECAUTION
Do not use in patients with heart failure, edema, or hypernatremia, because NSS replaces extracellular fluid and can lead to fluid overload.
Replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations.
《Helpful for Na+ replacement》
NAME
1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS), 0.45% NaCl in Water
TYPE
》Crystalloid Solution
》Hypotonic (154 mOsm)
FUNCTIONS
》Water replacement
》Raises total fluid volume
》DKA after initial normal saline solution and before dextrose infusion
》Hypertonic dehydration
》Sodium and chloride depletion
》Gastric fluid loss from nasogastric suctioning or vomiting.
PRECAUTIONS
》Use cautiously; may cause cardiovascular collapse or increase in intracranial pressure.
》Don’t use in patients with liver disease, trauma, or burns.
》Useful for daily maintenance of body fluid, but is of less value for replacement of NaCl deficit.
》Helpful for establishing renal function.
》Fluid replacement for clients who don’t need extra glucose (diabetics)
NAME
Lactated Ringer’s (LR) (Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer)
TYPE
Isotonic (275 mOsm)
FUNCTIONS
》Replaces fluid and buffers pH
》Hypovolemia due to third-space shifting.
》Dehydration
》Burns
》Lower GI tract fluid loss
》Acute blood loss
PRECAUTIONS
》Has similar electrolyte content with serum but doesn’t contain magnesium.
》Has potassium therefore don’t use to patients with renal failure as it can cause hyperkalemia
》Don’t use in liver disease because the patient can’t metabolize lactate; a functional liver converts it to bicarbonate; don’t give if patient’s pH > 75.
》Normal saline with K+, Ca++, and lactate (buffer)
NAME
D5W (Dextrose 5% in water Crystallo
