09/04/2026
Sexually Transmitted Infections - Community Health ServicesSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections passed through va**nal, a**l, or oral s*x, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Common types include HPV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Symptoms often include ge***al sores, unusual discharge, or pain during urination, though many infections are asymptomatic. Treatment includes antibiotics for bacterial STIs, while viral infections are managed with medication.
Common Types and Causes
Viral (often incurable, but manageable): HPV (most common), HIV, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), and Hepatitis B.
Bacterial/Parasitic (curable): Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Trichomoniasis.
World Health Organization
Symptoms of STIs
Many STIs show no symptoms (asymptomatic), yet can still be transmitted. When symptoms appear, they may include
Ge***al Issues: Bumps, sores, warts, or blisters near the p***s, va**na, or a**s.
Discharge/Pain: Unusual or foul-smelling va**nal discharge, or discharge from the p***s.
Urination/Sex: Painful urination, frequent urination, or pain during s*xual in*******se.
Other: Lower abdominal pain, rashes, or fever.
Transmission Methods
STIs are predominantly spread through:
Vaginal, a**l, or oral s*xual contact.
Skin-to-skin contact with an infected area.
Blood products.
From mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth.
Long-Term Effects and Complications
If left untreated, STIs can cause severe, lasting health issues, including:
Infertility: Especially in women due to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).
Cancer: Certain HPV strains are linked to cervical and a**l cancers.
Pregnancy Complications: Ectopic pregnancy or infections in newborns.
Increased HIV Risk: Some untreated STIs increase the risk of HIV
Office on Women's Health
Prevention and Diagnosis
Testing: Regular screening is the best way to detect infections, especially since many are asymptomatic.
Barrier Methods: Proper and consistent use of condoms reduces risk, although they do not completely eliminate it for all STIs.
Vaccination: Vaccines are available for HPV and Hepatitis B.
Prevention: The only 100% effective method is abstinence, though reducing the number of partners and practicing mutual monogamy reduces risk.
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Health Organization
For more information, you can explore the detailed overview of STIs
