Med Oktv

23/02/2026

The vagus nerve is the tenth cranial nerve that carries parasympathetic motor and sensory signals between the brain and major organs, helping regulate breathing, heart rate, and airway function. https://www.respiratorytherapyzone.com/vagus-nerve/?utm_campaign=meetedgar&utm_medium=social&utm_source=meetedgar.com

23/02/2026

✅ Blood Flow Through the Heart

📌 Overview
◼ The heart pumps blood through two circuits:
🔺 Pulmonary circulation – sends blood to the lungs
🔺 Systemic circulation – sends blood to the body

◼ Color Code:
🔹 R = Oxygen-rich (RED)
🔹 B = Oxygen-poor (BLUE)

➤ Pathway of Blood Flow
1️⃣ Deoxygenated Blood Enters the Heart (Blue Pathway)
🔷 From Upper Body → Superior Vena Cava → Right Atrium
🔷 From Lower Body → Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium

2️⃣ Right Side Pumping (Low Oxygen – B)
⬛ Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle
⬛ Right Ventricle → Pulmonic Valve → Pulmonary Arteries
⬛ Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs (Blood gets oxygen)

3️⃣ Oxygenated Blood Returns to Heart (Red Pathway)
🔴 Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium

4️⃣ Left Side Pumping (High Oxygen – R)
🟥 Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle
🟥 Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta
🟥 Aorta → Sends oxygen-rich blood to entire body

➤ Major Blood Vessels
🔶 Superior Vena Cava – from upper body
🔶 Inferior Vena Cava – from lower body
🔶 Pulmonary Arteries – to lungs (carry deoxygenated blood)
🔶 Pulmonary Veins – from lungs (carry oxygenated blood)
🔶 Aorta – distributes blood to the body

➤ Heart Valves
🟪 Tricuspid Valve – RA → RV
🟪 Pulmonic Valve – RV → pulmonary artery
🟪 Mitral Valve – LA → LV
🟪 Aortic Valve – LV → aorta

⭐ Quick Summary
◼ Right Side = Blue (B) = Low Oxygen → Lungs
◼ Left Side = Red (R) = High Oxygen → Body
◼ Valves = One-way doors preventing backflow
◼ Pulmonary Veins = Carry oxygen-rich blood (unique!)
◼ Pulmonary Arteries = Carry oxygen-poor blood (unique!)

11/02/2026

🦴 Human Bones – Framework of the Human Body


Human bones form the skeletal system, providing shape, support, and protection to the body. They enable movement by working with muscles, produce blood cells in the bone marrow, and store essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus. Far from being static, bones are living tissues that grow, repair themselves, and continuously remodel throughout life.

11/02/2026

🫀 Heart Valves Function – Types, Order & Role in Blood Flow


This infographic explains the functions of heart valves and their crucial role in maintaining unidirectional blood flow through the human heart. It covers the four main heart valves—tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonary, and aortic valves—along with their anatomical position, opening–closing mechanism, and function during the cardiac cycle. Understanding heart valve function is essential for learning cardiac physiology, circulation, and common valve-related disorders, making this visual ideal for biology students, medical aspirants, and healthcare learners.

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11/02/2026

Exocrine Functions of the Pancreas

23/01/2026

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• Vitiligo: common, autoimmune; well-defined depigmented macules.
• Albinism: rare, autosomal recessive; lack of skin and eye pigment; need strict sun avoidance; risk of skin cancer.
• Phenylketonuria: autosomal recessive enzyme defect; fair skin and hair.
• Freckles: brown macules darken with sun; normal number of melanocytes.
• Lentigines: brown macules; melanocyte numbers are increased.
• Peutz–Jeghers syndrome: autosomal dominant disorder of perioral lentigines and intestinal polyps.
• Melasma: facial pigmentation; related to pregnancy and ‘the pill’.
• Addison’s disease: ACTH-stimulated melanogenesis of mucosae and flexures.
• Drug-induced pigmentation: due to deposition of pigment or stimulation of melanogenesis.

15/01/2026

🩸 Composition of Blood Explained | Plasma, RBCs, WBCs & Platelets in One Diagram

Learn the composition of blood with a clear, exam-oriented infographic explaining plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets, along with their proportions, functions, and lifespan—ideal for Biology students and competitive exam preparation.

15/01/2026