NYUKetamineResearch

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How common are harmful or very unpleasant effects among people reporting NPS use, and what might we miss if we only focu...
06/26/2026

How common are harmful or very unpleasant effects among people reporting NPS use, and what might we miss if we only focus on severe outcomes?

In “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities,” Nicole D. Fitzgerald, Joseph J. Palamar, and Linda B. Cottler examined self-reported harmful or very unpleasant effects related to new psychoactive substance (NPS) use beyond severe outcomes like poisoning or death.

Surveying 6,039 adults across 20 U.S. cities, the study found that among participants reporting past 12-month use of at least one new psychoactive substance (NPS), 27.03% reported experiencing a harmful or very unpleasant effect after using one or more of these substances.

The study also found an important pattern: among people reporting NPS use, those who also reported opioid use in the past year had more than twice the prevalence of reporting an adverse effect related to NPS use. This finding highlights how polysubstance use may increase complexity and risk.

These findings matter because many harmful experiences may not appear in traditional systems focused only on hospitalizations or mortality. Self-reported data can provide a broader understanding of how emerging substances affect people and support stronger public health responses.⚠️

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📑 Study: Fitzgerald ND, Palamar JJ, Cottler LB. “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities.”

In the study “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20...
06/11/2026

In the study “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities” by Fitzgerald, Palamar, and Cottler, researchers examined what symptoms people report after experiencing a harmful or unpleasant effect following substance use. ⚠️

This study found that while many symptoms were similar across drug categories, some important differences emerged.

Across multiple groups, anxiety and paranoia were commonly reported. However, certain substances, such as synthetic cannabinoids and novel stimulants, were more often associated with symptoms like confusion and, in some cases, unconsciousness.

Other symptoms, including heart racing (tachycardia) and nausea, also varied depending on the substance.

The figures included in this post compare symptom patterns across 📊:
- Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids
- Common and novel hallucinogens
- Different stimulant categories

These findings help provide a clearer understanding of how adverse effects can present differently, even when substances are pharmacologically similar.

📑 Study: Nicole D. Fitzgerald, Joseph J. Palamar, Linda B. Cottler "Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities."

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What are New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and why is understanding them important? 🧐In “Self-Reported Adverse Effects ...
06/04/2026

What are New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), and why is understanding them important? 🧐

In “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities,” Nicole D. Fitzgerald, Joseph J. Palamar, and Linda B. Cottler explore the evolving landscape of new psychoactive substances (NPS).

NPS are substances that are often not yet placed under international drug control, but may still present potential public health concerns. According to the study, NPS represent a large and diverse category of compounds, including substances that may mimic stimulants, opioids, hallucinogens, or cannabinoids.

As new compounds continue to emerge, their ingredients, potency, and effects may not always be fully understood, highlighting why continued research is essential.

Understanding what NPS are can help strengthen education, awareness, and harm reduction efforts.⚠️

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📄 Study: Fitzgerald ND, Palamar JJ, Cottler LB. “Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities.”

In this study of 127 NYC nightclub attendees, researchers compared drug use focusing on self-report, oral fluid testing,...
05/14/2026

In this study of 127 NYC nightclub attendees, researchers compared drug use focusing on self-report, oral fluid testing, and mobile phone swabbing. 📱🧪

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📑 Study: Detection of Party Drugs on Mobile Phones in Relation to Self-Reported Use and Oral Fluid Detection Among NYC Nightclub Attendees - Dr. Joseph J. Palamar et al - Journal Of Studies On Alcohol And Drugs

Data shows that signals of illicit ketamine availability are increasing in the US. ⬆️A 2025 study by Dr. Joseph J Palama...
04/22/2026

Data shows that signals of illicit ketamine availability are increasing in the US. ⬆️

A 2025 study by Dr. Joseph J Palamar et al, analyzed national data sources that track ketamine diversion and law enforcement seizures.

Pharmaceutical diversion refers to legally produced ketamine that is redirected outside of approved medical channels. The findings show recent increases in diversion and in some NFLIS and HIDTA seizure datasets, which are often used as indicators of changing availability. 📈

The study emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring, prevention, and harm reduction as ketamine related morbidity is expected to increase. ⚠️

Swipe to see the key numbers. ➡️

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Is ketamine use increasing in the US? ⬆️The answer depends on the group. In the 2025 study “Trends in nonmedical ketamin...
04/22/2026

Is ketamine use increasing in the US? ⬆️
The answer depends on the group.

In the 2025 study “Trends in nonmedical ketamine use, poisonings, related deaths, pharmaceutical diversions, and law enforcement seizures,” Dr. Joseph J. Palamar et al, found that past year nonmedical ketamine use increased among people “ages 12+” from 0.19% (2021) to 0.34% (2023), with “adults” (18+) showing a similar rise. 📈

However, among 12th graders, use has declined long-term since the early 2000s. 📉

This kind of age specific pattern helps public health professionals better understand where prevention and harm reduction efforts may be most needed. ⚠️

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