Wards Made Easy

Wards Made Easy Your Academic Genie

23/05/2026

Our new health workers, lets attemp to this:
A female 2 year old child is brought by the mother with a history of diarrhea for 4 days now. Upon arrival, the child has a febal pulse and cold peripheries. The RBS is 1.7mmol/l with a MUAC of 11cm.
What is your diagnosis?
How would you manage this child?

What is Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)?1. The loss of more than 500mls of blood following vaginal delivery, or2. The loss ...
12/11/2025

What is Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH)?
1. The loss of more than 500mls of blood following vaginal delivery, or
2. The loss of more than 1000mls of blood following cesarean section delivery, or
3. The loss of any amount of blood enough to cause Hemodynamic instability.
Types of PPH?
1. Primary PPH - When this occurs within 24hrs from the time and woman gave birth.
2. Secondary PPH - When blood loss occurs after 24hrs but before 6weeks from time of delivery.
Causes?
4Ts
Tone - Atonic uterus (uterus fails to contract to stop the bleeding). Most Common cause. Commonly due to Anemia during pregnancy, Overdiatention of the uterus as it happens in Twins and Polyhydramnions etc
Trauma - Second most common cause of PPH. Occurs due to Trauma anywhere in the ge***al tract - could be uterine tears, Cervical tears, perineal tears and lacerations etc
Tissues - These are retained products of conception (RPOCs). Could be a piece of placenta or membranes that hasnt come out or the whole placenta.
Thrombosis - These are women with bleeding problems. their blood doesn't easily clot so they keep on bleeding. includes those with DIC and those on drugs that prevent Clotting (anticoagulants).
Management
Emergency resuscitation coupled with assessment to determine the cause.
Manage accordingly as per the findings.
for a deeper understanding including drugs and dosages, click the link below to watch on my YouTube channel

https://youtu.be/r239iY79TQQ?si=gBRI3iYos5Crf2sd

Interesting way to remember the management of DKA.Resuscitate - ABCDThen FIPAA. What does FIPAA stand for?Fluid administ...
10/11/2025

Interesting way to remember the management of DKA.
Resuscitate - ABCD
Then FIPAA. What does FIPAA stand for?
Fluid administration
Insulin to correct hyperglycemia
Potassium replacement
Acidosis correction
Antibiotics for intercurrent infections.
For more details follow my YouTube channel "Wards made Easy" Learn more using the link below

https://youtu.be/TGSN9ophqx0?si=B_PEWRVkfdPQ05Ob

Good morning lovers of knowledge.Do you know how to administer magnesium sulphate in Severe preeclampsia?The regimen we ...
16/10/2025

Good morning lovers of knowledge.
Do you know how to administer magnesium sulphate in Severe preeclampsia?
The regimen we commonly used is called the Prichard regimen;
So magnesium sulphate administration is divided into the loading dose and the maintenance dose.
Loading dose - Given as 4g of 20% MgSO4 IV slowly then 5g of 50% MgSO4 IM with lignocaine on the left buttock, and another 5g of 50% MgSO4 IM with lignocaine on the right buttock. Total loading dose is 14g all together.
Maintenance dose - Given as 5g of 50 % MgSO4 IM with lignocaine on alternate buttocks 4hrly until 24hrs from the last fit or 24hrs from delivery whichever happens last.
For more Data follow the link below and watch👇
https://youtu.be/833v2Tm-Rr4?si=51kSwXn324qm_Lse

Mwashibukeni mukwai (good morning),Did you know that the word abortion doesn't just mean that an individual terminated a...
04/10/2025

Mwashibukeni mukwai (good morning),
Did you know that the word abortion doesn't just mean that an individual terminated a pregnancy illegally? (Abortion is not equal to ukuponya ifumo).
Don't demonize the term abortion ❌
An abortion can be spontaneous or induced.
Spontaneous abortion happens on its own while induced is done by people (can be a health personnel or you and your boyfriend).
Induced can be therapeutic or elective.
Therapeutic is done to protect the health of the woman while elective is done for the woman's desire.
Elective can be safe or unsafe.
Safe abortion is done by a qualified medical personnel in a place that meets minimum health standards (obviously a clinic or hospital) while unsafe is done by someone who is not qualified (like you and your boyfriend) and/or in an environment that doesn't meet minimum health standards. Unsafe abortion is also called criminal abortion which you like doing kaili you don't know that you can go and have a safe termination at the hospital for free. Some women know this and when you give them money for that ka pill, they go to the hospital and have it done for free 😂 Don't start arguing with me, ndiku Church ine.
And for your own information, happy father's day if you use Panadol and coca cola, you are just providing more food for the baby to grow. Ka miracle child😂🤣

Mwashibukeni mukwai (Good morning 🌞),Let's talk about anemia, what people call ukukama umulopa.I have often heard people...
27/09/2025

Mwashibukeni mukwai (Good morning 🌞),
Let's talk about anemia, what people call ukukama umulopa.
I have often heard people complain about what they call, "ukukama umulopa".
Anemia is a condition where your body does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin and so it's not able to carry enough oxygen to the organs and tissues. Oxygen is important because together with the food you eat, the body uses it to make energy. So because of this reduced oxygen reaching your organs, you may experience the following;
- Low oxygen to the brain will cause dizziness, headache, black outs, fainting etc
- Low oxygen reaching other organs and muscles - Fatigue (ukunaka).
- To try and compensate for this low oxygen reaching, the heart will begin to pump fast and over work in order to have a lot more blood reaching the body, you will then experience a racing heart (you feel like your heart is bitting too fast) and awareness of heart beat (you will be feeling your heart beat and may even be able to see your chest vibrate as your heart beats). If not treated, your heart may eventually enlarge (umutima ukufimba) and may fail (Heart failure).
What causes anemia?
There are different causes of anemia, but it can be due to the following;
1. Reduced production of red blood cells and hemoglobin - E.g Iron deficiency (lack of iron) which is the most common cause because imwe ba Maggie, you don't like to deworm but you love eating under cooked vegetables and soil (so mwenda nensokanda mumala nangu mubika makeup pa menso). It could also be because of Vit B12 deficiency and Folate deficiency. All the above are nutrients that the body uses to make RBCs.
2. Increased destruction of red blood cells - E.g Those with Sickle cell, Malaria etc. their Red blood cells get damaged quickly leading to anemia.
3. Increased loss of red blood cells - Where you are loosing these red blood cells because you are loosing blood. This is common especially in ladies with Prolonged or heavy me**es (periods). Also happens when someone bleeds after injury (maybe an accident), those who have recurrent bleeding from the nose, excessive bleeding after giving birth etc
Eicho (therefore), to treat anemia, you have to address what is causing the anemia first.
- If it's worms - Give deworming tablets
- If bleeding - Stop the bleeding
- If iron deficiency - Give iron
- If it's malaria - Treat the malaria with coartem or artesunate.
- If the diet is poor with very low Vitamins, address that.
After addressing the cause, you can give your body a boost with blood boosters, if Red blood cells are too low, you may be given blood at the hospital (We will talk about refusing blood transfusion later).
Now you see that iyo Coca Cola na Fruit top ya grape doesn't do anything. Ni color fye bane 😂
So go to the hospital so that they find out what's causing the anemia (umulopa ukukama) and get treated properly.
Bushe mulekutika ku back bench uko ba Phiri???

Mwashibukeni mukwai,Just here to remind you that high blood pressure (hypertension) is a deadly disease. I have heard mo...
25/09/2025

Mwashibukeni mukwai,
Just here to remind you that high blood pressure (hypertension) is a deadly disease. I have heard most people say ,"balikwako BP, ilakwela ififine but balifye bwino". Let's be clear, High BP will kill you if you don't take medication. We often under rate it because it's usually silent and you may be feeling okay before it hits you. Why is high blood pressure dangerous?
- High blood pressure makes blood vessels constrict and narrow reducing blood supply to your vital organs which will shut them down.
- High blood pressure causes damage to blood vessels causing clots (thrombus) to form which blocks blood flow to organs causing Heart attack (myocardial infarction), Stroke etc
- High blood pressure can cause the blood vessels in your brain to burst and bleed leading to stroke (you will bleed inside your brain and few people actually survive this esp kumushi uko mwikala yama).
- High BP causes your heart to over work and it then gets tired (Heart failure), you start getting tired easily, your legs start swelling, fluids build up in your lungs and you start failing to breath etc
These are just a few things that high blood pressure can do. Don't hesitate to visit the hospital and start taking medicine, that headache you usually have, the feeling of numbness on one side of your body or ichifungalashi, the feeling of tiredness sometimes, your heart racing, the nausea is not normal. You know you have high BP and you are home, you will just collapse one day and people will think buloshi.
Go and check your BPs, get treatment, don't be lied to that hospital medicine causes high BP to persist, bufi.
Medicine will save you, not taking medicine will kill you untimely.
Mulekutika mwa??

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