19/06/2026
Worry and rumination are often grouped together, but they concern different things. Worry is about the future. It rehearses what hasn't happened yet and often never will. Rumination is about the past. It goes over a conversation or a mistake that is already finished. The two feel different, but both are repetitive, and in both the mind keeps returning to the same thing without getting anywhere.
Neither responds well to being told to stop. Tell yourself to stop worrying and you get much the same result as telling yourself not to think of a white bear. What actually helps is having something better to think about.
Worry eases when it is met with curiosity. It treats an uncertain future as a problem you can solve by thinking hard enough, which you can't. Curiosity asks a simpler question of the same uncertainty: what is actually true now, and what would actually help. Kierkegaard called anxiety the dizziness of freedom, the vertigo of standing before everything we might do or become. Curiosity doesn't remove that. But it is difficult to be curious and afraid at the same time, and with practice the curiosity tends to win.
Rumination eases with absorption. It is self-focused by nature, the mind watching itself go over the same thing. Iris Murdoch described the opposite of this and called it unselfing. She is standing at a window, anxious and resentful about something, when a kestrel appears, hovering. For a moment there is nothing in her mind but the bird. When she returns to what was bothering her, it has become smaller. Being genuinely interested in something other than yourself, a piece of work or the weather over the hills, is not a way of avoiding the problem. It simply stops the problem being the only thing there is.
In our experience, most of the work is not in stopping the thought. It is in finding something else worth your attention.