15/06/2026
!!A new publication about myofascial pain in an open access journal. I particularly like the inclusion of the BPS model which notes the multi-dimensional nature of pain
Pinheiro, J. P., & Lourenço, M. (2026). Myofascial pain syndrome: Pathophysiology and clinical aspects. WebLog Journal of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19268993
Photo by Bioscience Image Library by Fayette Reynolds on Unsplash
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common — and most underdiagnosed — musculoskeletal conditions in clinical practice, affecting up to 93% of patients seen in musculoskeletal services.
A new mini review published in the WebLog Journal of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation by Dr. João Páscoa Pinheiro and Mariana Lourenço (Coimbra University) provides a clear and clinically relevant overview of what we currently know about MPS.
Key takeaways:
🔬 The pathophysiology is two-layered — peripheral dysfunction at the motor endplate (excessive acetylcholine release, local ischaemia, algogenic substance accumulation) combined with central sensitisation in chronic cases, explaining why pain persists and spreads beyond the original site.
🩺 Diagnosis remains entirely clinical — no reliable biomarkers or imaging findings exist. Core criteria include a palpable taut band, a hypersensitive trigger point, referred pain reproduction, and restricted mobility.
💊 Treatment must be multimodal — pharmacology alone is rarely sufficient. Dry needling, trigger point injections, manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and patient education all play important roles.
🧠 The biopsychosocial model matters — neuroimaging shows involvement of somatosensory cortical and limbic regions, reinforcing that MPS is far more than a local muscle problem.
The authors rightly highlight that while prevalence is high, the quality of evidence for treatments remains limited. Better diagnostic tools and well-designed clinical trials are urgently needed.
A valuable read for anyone working in rehabilitation, rheumatology, or pain medicine.