03/28/2026
🧠 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) – Emergency!
From the gut to the nerves — this post-infectious paralysis is fast, frightening, and 100% testable.
🔍 What Is It?
Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an acute, immune-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathy that affects the peripheral nervous system.
Usually triggered by infection → most famously Campylobacter jejuni, but also CMV, EBV, influenza, or post-vaccination.
⚠️ Classic Clinical Picture (MCCQE1 Buzzwords):
✅ Ascending symmetric weakness
✅ Areflexia (absent deep tendon reflexes)
✅ Tingling or numbness in hands/feet
✅ May progress to respiratory failure (diaphragmatic weakness!)
✅ ± Autonomic instability (tachycardia, BP swings, urinary retention)
🧠 Symptoms typically peak within 4 weeks.
🧪 Key Investigations:
📌 Lumbar puncture:
→ Albuminocytologic dissociation (↑ protein, normal WBC count)
📌 Nerve conduction studies / EMG:
→ Show demyelination (↓ conduction velocity)
📌 PFTs (spirometry) if any respiratory symptoms
→ Monitor vital capacity closely!
💊 Management:
🛌 Admit to monitor for respiratory failure
🩺 Frequent vitals, PFTs, and cardiac monitoring
💉 IVIG or plasmapheresis = main treatments
❌ Steroids NOT recommended
🧘 Supportive care: pain control, DVT prophylaxis, physical rehab
📌 MCCQE1 Takeaway: Guillain-Barré Syndrome
✔️ Ascending weakness + areflexia = classic pattern
✔️ Triggered by infection (Campylobacter = top culprit)
✔️ LP shows ↑ protein, normal WBCs
✔️ Treat with IVIG or plasmapheresis
✔️ Watch for respiratory compromise and autonomic symptoms
⚡ Act fast, think clearly — and never miss a GBS on exam day!
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