Rheumatology in Capsules

Rheumatology in Capsules Rheumatology in capsules .. Small sentences with great benefits :) Our main target is:
a Short Sentence with One information To Be Easily Recalled.

also we choose the "key-point" info to train brains for considering diagnosis of certain diseases and subsequently 'll help us more in our medical apprentice and widen our differential diagnosis space.

03/08/2019

Crohn's disease is associated with 2 sites of stones
1. Kidney stones
2. Gallstones

Microscopically, Crohn's has a characteristic cobbleSTONE appearance.

29/07/2019

CAUSES OF HYPOSPLENISM :
:
1) Splenectomy
2) Sickle-cell
3) SLE
4) Coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis (HLA DR3).
5) Graves' disease
6) Amyloid

Howell–Jolly bodies are histopathological findings of basophilic nuclear remnants (clusters of DNA) in circulating erythrocytes.

26/07/2019

A low calcium and high PTH level may be either secondary hyperparathyroidism or pseudohypopararhroidism .

Then How to differentiate by clinical and lab ?

Clinical >>> pseudohypopararhroidism patient will show short stature and delayed development .

Lab >>> pseudohypopararhroidism will show high phosphate , while patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism will show low phosphate ( vit d def or resistance ).

26/07/2019

Bone pain( spine ) + Hypercalcemia + renal impairment >>> multiple myeloma ( with cold spots on scan) .

Bone pain + Hypercalcemia + hot spots on scan >>> metastasis .

Bone pain + high calcium + low phodphate + high PTH= primary hyperparathyroidism.

Bone pain + normal calcium and phosphate + high alk phosphatase = Paget,s disease

Bone pain + low calcium and phosphate+ high ALP = Osteomalacia

Bone pain+ normal calcium and high phosphate + high PTH + CRF = tertiary hyperparathyroidism .

Bone pain + normal calcium + normal phosphate + normal ALP = osteoporosis .

15/07/2019

Hypo-ferritinemia confirms diagnosis of Iron - deficiency anemia and is the preferred screening test,
despite
Ferritin levels may be falsely elevated in acute inflammatory states (Ferritin is an acute phase reactant).

07/07/2019

We are back !! 🤓
Who missed us ?! 🤔

17/06/2018

The management of PE depends on its classification.
--> Intermediate risk (previously 'sub-massive') PE, characterized by the presence of myocardial injury or right ventricular dysfunction, is treated with low molecular weight heparin.
--> High risk (previously 'massive') PE is characterized by shock or hypotension and is best treated by thrombolysis

16/06/2018

Supplemental folic acid which selectively rescues normal cells from methotrexate toxicity does not reduce the risk for methotrexate induced lung injury suggesting alternate mechanisms for lung injury other than depleting intracellular folate reserves

15/06/2018

Breathlessness on standing relieved by lying down (platypnoea) together with decreased arterial oxygen saturation on standing (orhtodeoxia) are features of the hepato-pulmonary syndrome which is an indication for liver transplantation

15/06/2018

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is considered present when the following triad exists :
- Liver disease
- Impaired oxygenation
- Intrapulmonary vascular abnormalities, referred to as intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs)

10/06/2018

Ethambutol is renally excreted and therefore dose adjustment is necessary in chronic kidney disease to minimise the risk of toxic effects (optic neuropathy).

10/06/2018

Absolute contraindications to TNF-Alpha Blockers :
- CHF III/IV
- Active/latent Tb
- Active infection
- Active or recent h/o malignancy (solid tumors)
- MS / optic neuritis
- h/o lymphoma
- Live vaccines
- Anaphylaxis

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