03/08/2026
Understanding shoulder instability starts with understanding the anatomy.
The glenohumeral joint sacrifices stability for mobility, with only 25–33% of the humeral head covered by the glenoid. Stability therefore depends heavily on the labrum, glenohumeral ligaments, and rotator cuff.
Following a traumatic shoulder dislocation, associated injuries such as a Bankart lesion or rotator cuff tear are common and can significantly increase the risk of recurrent instability if left unrecognised.
A thorough assessment should consider both the static and dynamic stabilisers of the shoulder to guide rehabilitation and appropriate referral.