Cardiac Axis by Dr. Saket Satyasham Toshniwal

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The carousel worth saving before your next viva.Valvular heart disease, explained in the crux — the eponymous signs, the...
14/09/2026

The carousel worth saving before your next viva.

Valvular heart disease, explained in the crux — the eponymous signs, the murmurs, and the classic mimics that examiners love to test (Austin Flint vs. true MS, Gallavardin vs. true MR, Graham Steell vs. true AR, Carey Coombs murmur) — plus prosthetic valve sounds, which are easy to forget until they show up in the exam.

A soft murmur can mean worse disease, not better — one of those details that’s easy to miss under pressure.

Save this one for revision and before your next CVS case presentation.​​​​​​​​​​

13/09/2026

MUSCLE IS MEDICINE
Episode 2: How muscle controls diabetes?!

Muscle isn’t just for aesthetics. It’s your body’s largest glucose disposal site.

Every contraction pulls glucose out of your blood — through a pathway that doesn’t even need insulin.

Lose muscle and you lose that buffer. Blood sugar climbs!

Here’s the physiology:
1. Primary glucose sink
Skeletal muscle handles ~70-80% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal postprandially. More muscle = more GLUT4-bearing tissue to clear glucose.

2. GLUT4 translocation
Insulin → IRS-1 → PI3K → Akt → GLUT4 moves to the cell surface. Trained muscle has higher baseline GLUT4 and better signaling efficiency — improving insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss.

3. Contraction-mediated uptake (insulin-independent)
Exercise activates AMPK, triggering GLUT4 translocation via a pathway separate from insulin. This is why exercise lowers glucose even in insulin-resistant states — and why muscle contraction is therapeutic in T2DM.

4. Glycogen storage sink
Muscle stores ~80% of ingested glucose as glycogen. Sarcopenia cuts this capacity, shunting glucose toward hepatic fat storage and worsening insulin resistance.

5. Myokines
Contracting muscle releases IL-6, irisin, and others — signaling to liver and fat tissue to improve systemic insulin sensitivity.

6. Sarcopenia ↔ insulin resistance
Sarcopenic obesity independently raises T2DM risk: less muscle, relatively more fat, worse muscle-to-fat ratio driving resistance.

Prediabetes isn’t a life sentence — it’s a warning shot.The DPP trial showed lifestyle change cuts progression to type 2...
12/09/2026

Prediabetes isn’t a life sentence — it’s a warning shot.

The DPP trial showed lifestyle change cuts progression to type 2 diabetes by 58%, outperforming metformin (31%). No prescription pad required for most people — just 7 things, done consistently.

Swipe through → save this → tag someone who needs to see it.

Not a substitute for your own doctor’s advice. If you’re at high risk, lifestyle change and medication are often used together, not instead of each other.

Which command are you starting with?!
Select from the poll below!

10/09/2026

MUSCLE IS MEDICINE
Episode 1: How I made my parents go the gym?‼️🫀💪🏽

I made my parents go to the gym. But not for six-packs.

For the longest time, I thought walks and brisk walking were enough for my parents. Turns out, they’re not.

Somewhere along the way, I realized that at their age, muscle matters more than cardio ever will. So I sat them down and made the case for something most people their age never try — weight lifting.

Not for abs. Not for a number on the scale. For strength that keeps them independent, healthy, and capable, year after year.

Safely. Gradually. Under proper supervision.

And today? They’re stronger and healthier than they’ve been in years.

Because growing older doesn’t mean we should stop building strength.

Part 2: Why MUSCLE IS MEDICINE 💪❤️ — stay tuned.
Send this to your parents. Maybe this is the push they need. ❤️

⚠️ Exercise should be individualized, especially for older adults or people with medical conditions.

10K → 20K in just 3 months. ❤️🫀What started with a simple intention—to teach cardiology, simplify heart health, and spre...
10/09/2026

10K → 20K in just 3 months. ❤️🫀

What started with a simple intention—to teach cardiology, simplify heart health, and spread awareness—is slowly becoming something much bigger than I imagined.

Seeing this community grow to 20,000 people in less than a year, especially amidst the chaos, sleepless nights and endless learning of my first year of cardiology residency, genuinely means a lot to me.

Every follow, share, save, comment and message reminds me why I started. And somehow, watching this page grow has only made me more motivated to learn more, teach better, and give back more.

We’re still just getting started.

20,000 hearts connected by one purpose—to understand the heart better. 🌍🫀

Thank you for being a part of this journey and for all the love and support, always. ♥️🩺

Onwards. Together.



Follow and be a part of this page and family for more cardiology education and heart health awareness!

Let’s build something together!🫀♥️

All in one your go to “Heart Failure Latest Updates” guide from ESC 2026🫀🌍‼️Follow Dr. Saket S. Toshniwal | Cardiac Axis...
09/09/2026

All in one your go to “Heart Failure Latest Updates” guide from ESC 2026🫀🌍‼️

Follow Dr. Saket S. Toshniwal | Cardiac Axis for more daily cardiology updates!

Cardiology’s million-dollar question, answered.Lower Lp(a) → lower heart attacks and strokes? That was the bet.Lp(a)HORI...
06/09/2026

Cardiology’s million-dollar question, answered.

Lower Lp(a) → lower heart attacks and strokes? That was the bet.

Lp(a)HORIZON just tested it. 8,323 patients. Pelacarsen crushed Lp(a) levels — but cardiovascular events didn’t budge.

Full breakdown in the carousel. Save this before you forget the numbers.

Can a broken heart actually break your heart? 💔🫀Turns out, it can.Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo Syndrome) is a real c...
03/09/2026

Can a broken heart actually break your heart? 💔🫀

Turns out, it can.

Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo Syndrome) is a real cardiac condition where intense emotional or physical stress can temporarily weaken the heart muscle — and the presentation can look strikingly similar to a heart attack.

“Heartbreak” isn’t always just a metaphor.
Swipe to understand!

Save this. Share it with someone who thinks a broken heart is just an expression. ❤️‍🩹

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Sector 7, Nerul
Navi Mumbai (New Mumbai)
400706

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