Learn Anaesthesia by Dr. Swati

Learn Anaesthesia by Dr. Swati ✨ Residency Programme in Anesthesia
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🤢 POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA & VOMITING (PONV) | Complete Anaesthesia Discussion 🤢WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu....
16/05/2026

🤢 POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA & VOMITING (PONV) | Complete Anaesthesia Discussion 🤢

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/NQZiPmrPzrs

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common and distressing complications after surgery and anaesthesia. Proper identification of risk factors, prevention strategies, and antiemetic management is essential for improving patient comfort, recovery, and postoperative outcomes.

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In this detailed educational video, we will discuss the complete approach to PONV in a simple, clinically relevant, and exam-oriented manner for anaesthesia residents, ICU trainees, and NEET SS aspirants.

📚 What We’ll Cover in This Video:

✅ Risk Factors for PONV
✅ Antiemetic Agents
✅Management of nausea and vomiting

💡 Understanding PONV is extremely important because effective prevention and treatment improve patient satisfaction, reduce complications, shorten hospital stay, and enhance recovery after surgery.

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🚨 Noncardiac Surgery After PCI: What Every Anesthesiologist Should Know 🚨Timing elective surgery after PCI is critical t...
13/05/2026

🚨 Noncardiac Surgery After PCI: What Every Anesthesiologist Should Know 🚨

Timing elective surgery after PCI is critical to reduce the risk of stent thrombosis and major cardiac complications. 🫀⚠️

🔹 High-risk features like:
✔️ Recent ACS
✔️ CKD
✔️ Low EF
✔️ Multiple stents/lesions
✔️ Bifurcation stenting
✔️ CTO intervention

can significantly increase the risk of perioperative stent thrombosis.

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📌 General recommendations:
🕒 With high-risk factors: Delay elective surgery for 6–12 months after PCI
🕒 Without high-risk factors: Delay elective surgery for 3–6 months after PCI

💊 Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) is usually continued:
✔️ 6–12 months after stenting
✔️ At least 1 month after balloon angioplasty

⚠️ Premature discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy can be catastrophic.

📚 Understanding these timelines is essential for safe perioperative planning and better patient outcomes.

In this high-yield educational video, we will discuss one of the most important vasopressors used in critical care pract...
11/05/2026

In this high-yield educational video, we will discuss one of the most important vasopressors used in critical care practice — Vasopressin. Understanding its physiology, mechanism of action, and clinical role in septic shock is extremely important for anaesthesiologists, intensivists, ICU residents, and NEET SS aspirants.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/4eu38oVscZE

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Septic shock is associated with profound vasodilation and catecholamine-resistant hypotension. Vasopressin plays a crucial role as an adjunct vasopressor in patients requiring high-dose norepinephrine or refractory shock. In this session, we simplify the complex concepts related to vasopressin and explain its practical application in ICU management.

📚 What We’ll Cover in This Video:

1. Mode of Action of Vasopressin
2. Role of Vasopressin in Septic Shock

💡 If you want to strengthen your understanding of vasopressors and shock management, this video will help you build a strong conceptual foundation with clinically relevant discussion.

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🚨 CLINICAL SCENARIO ALERT | CUFF LEAK TEST 🚨A failed cuff leak test before extubation can be an early warning sign of po...
09/05/2026

🚨 CLINICAL SCENARIO ALERT | CUFF LEAK TEST 🚨

A failed cuff leak test before extubation can be an early warning sign of post-extubation airway obstruction and respiratory stridor.
But how do we interpret the values correctly? And what should be the next step in management? 🤔

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In these slides, we discuss:
✔️ Step-by-step approach to the cuff leak test
✔️ Quantitative cut-off values and interpretation
✔️ Clinical significance of failed vs passed CLT
✔️ Risk of laryngeal edema after extubation
✔️ Evidence-based thresholds used in ICU practice
✔️ Decision-making before planned extubation

📌 Clinical pearls and guideline-based concepts explained in a simple and exam-oriented manner for:

• NEET SS Aspirants
• Critical Care Residents
• Anaesthesia Postgraduates
• ICU Clinicians
💡 Understanding the cuff leak test is essential for safe extubation practices and prevention of post-extubation respiratory complications in critically ill patients.

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening endocrine emergency that requires rapid diagnosis, aggressive resuscit...
09/05/2026

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening endocrine emergency that requires rapid diagnosis, aggressive resuscitation, and careful perioperative planning—especially when patients require emergency surgery. Managing these patients can be extremely challenging due to severe metabolic disturbances, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and hemodynamic instability.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/hhao4H_SpTg

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In this comprehensive video, we discuss the perioperative approach to patients with DKA, the important differences between DKA and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), and the key clinical features every anesthesiologist and critical care physician must recognize.

This is a high-yield topic for anesthesia residents, ICU trainees, emergency physicians, and NEET SS aspirants.

📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. How to Manage DKA

Management of DKA focuses on correcting the underlying metabolic derangements safely and systematically.

In this section, we discuss:

• Initial assessment and diagnosis of DKA
• Airway, breathing, and circulation stabilization
• Fluid resuscitation strategy
• Insulin therapy – dosing and monitoring
• Potassium correction and electrolyte management
• Role of bicarbonate therapy – when to use and when to avoid
• Monitoring blood glucose, ketones, and acid-base status
• Perioperative concerns during emergency surgery
• Goals before taking patient to OT

We also explain how to balance urgent surgical need vs metabolic optimization.

🔹 2. Difference Between DKA and HHS

Understanding the distinction between DKA and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) is extremely important.

We compare:

✅ DKA

• More common in Type 1 diabetes
• Presence of ketone production and metabolic acidosis
• Rapid onset
• Abdominal pain and Kussmaul breathing common

✅ HHS

• More common in Type 2 diabetes
• Severe hyperglycemia with marked dehydration
• Minimal or absent ketosis
• Higher serum osmolality and altered sensorium

We simplify the pathophysiology, laboratory differences, and management priorities between the two conditions.

🔹 3. Clinical Features of DKA

Early recognition can be lifesaving.

Common clinical features discussed include:

• Polyuria and polydipsia
• Dehydration and hypotension
• Tachycardia
• Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
• Altered mental status
• Kussmaul respiration
• Fruity/acetone breath odor

We also discuss important ECG and electrolyte abnormalities associated with DKA.
































Planning non-cardiac surgery after coronary stenting is a common yet high-stakes clinical scenario. The anesthesiologist...
27/04/2026

Planning non-cardiac surgery after coronary stenting is a common yet high-stakes clinical scenario. The anesthesiologist must balance the risk of stent thrombosis against the risk of surgical bleeding, especially in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/yjSp_jD8DqU

In this video, we provide a clear, guideline-based, and exam-oriented approach to safely managing these patients in the perioperative period.

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📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. Timing of Non-Cardiac Surgery After Coronary Stenting

Timing is the most critical decision factor.

In this section, we discuss:

• Recommended delay after bare-metal stent (BMS) placement
• Recommended delay after drug-eluting stent (DES) placement
• Differences between elective, urgent, and emergency surgeries
• High-risk periods for stent thrombosis
• Role of endothelialization in determining safe timing
• What to do if surgery cannot be delayed

We simplify current guideline recommendations to help you make safe and exam-ready decisions.

🔹 2. Considerations and Concerns in Non-Cardiac Surgery

Managing these patients requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach.

Key concerns include:

✅ Antiplatelet Therapy Management

• Continuation vs discontinuation of aspirin
• Management of P2Y12 inhibitors (clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel)
• Risk of perioperative bleeding vs thrombosis
• Bridging strategies (if applicable)

✅ Risk of Stent Thrombosis

• Life-threatening complication with high mortality
• Triggers: surgery, stopping antiplatelets, stress response

✅ Perioperative Cardiac Risk

• Myocardial ischemia and infarction
• Hemodynamic instability
• Importance of maintaining coronary perfusion

✅ Anesthetic Considerations

• Avoiding tachycardia and hypotension
• Maintaining adequate oxygenation and perfusion
• Monitoring for ischemic changes (ECG, hemodynamics)
• Postoperative surveillance in high-risk patients





























26/04/2026

Levosimendan is an advanced inodilator that has gained importance in the management of cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure. Unlike traditional inotropes, it improves cardiac output without significantly increasing myocardial oxygen demand, making it a unique and valuable drug in critical care and perioperative medicine.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/9bRo7py0UNc

In this video, we simplify the concept of Levosimendan, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical applications, and benefits in shock management—making it highly relevant for anesthesia residents, intensivists, and NEET SS aspirants.

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📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. Mode of Action of Levosimendan
🔹 2. Role in Cardiogenic Shock
🔹 3. Benefits in Managing Shock
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Levosimendan is an advanced inodilator that has gained importance in the management of cardiogenic shock and acute heart...
25/04/2026

Levosimendan is an advanced inodilator that has gained importance in the management of cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure. Unlike traditional inotropes, it improves cardiac output without significantly increasing myocardial oxygen demand, making it a unique and valuable drug in critical care and perioperative medicine.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/9bRo7py0UNc

In this video, we simplify the concept of Levosimendan, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical applications, and benefits in shock management—making it highly relevant for anesthesia residents, intensivists, and NEET SS aspirants.

DOWNLOAD APP NOW:
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☎️ Contact us: +91-7667391900
🌎 Website: www.learnanesth.com

📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. Mode of Action of Levosimendan

Levosimendan works through a unique dual mechanism, which makes it different from conventional inotropes.

In this section, we discuss:

• Calcium sensitization of cardiac troponin C
• Increased myocardial contractility without raising intracellular calcium
• Opening of ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels
• Vasodilation of systemic, pulmonary, and coronary vessels
• Improvement in cardiac output with reduced afterload

This helps you understand why levosimendan is called a “calcium sensitizer” and inodilator.

🔹 2. Role in Cardiogenic Shock

Levosimendan has an important role in hemodynamically unstable patients.

We cover:

• Use in cardiogenic shock with low cardiac output
• Role in acute decompensated heart failure
• Use in patients on beta-blockers
• Application in cardiac surgery and perioperative cardiac dysfunction
• Comparison with traditional inotropes (dobutamine, adrenaline)

This section highlights where levosimendan fits in modern critical care practice.

🔹 3. Benefits in Managing Shock

Levosimendan offers several clinical advantages:

• Improves cardiac output without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption
• Causes balanced vasodilation → reduces preload and afterload
• Long duration of action due to active metabolites
• Better organ perfusion (renal, coronary circulation)
• Reduced risk of arrhythmias compared to other inotropes

We also discuss practical considerations like onset, duration, and monitoring.





























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Post-extubation respiratory stridor is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur after removal of an en...
19/04/2026

Post-extubation respiratory stridor is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur after removal of an endotracheal tube. It reflects upper airway obstruction, most commonly due to laryngeal edema, and requires rapid recognition and prompt management to prevent respiratory failure and reintubation.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/ltWu4peYIMw

In this video, we provide a clear, practical, and exam-oriented approach to understanding post-extubation stridor—covering its causes, risk factors, and evidence-based management strategies.

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📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. What is Post-Extubation Respiratory Stridor?

We begin by understanding the basics:

• Definition of post-extubation stridor
• Pathophysiology – role of laryngeal edema and airway narrowing
• Difference between mild airway noise vs clinically significant stridor
• Timing of onset after extubation
• Clinical signs – inspiratory stridor, respiratory distress, use of accessory muscles

This section helps you recognize early warning signs.

🔹 2. Risk Factors for Post-Extubation Stridor

Identifying high-risk patients is key to prevention.

We discuss:

• Prolonged intubation duration
• Traumatic or multiple intubation attempts
• Use of large-sized endotracheal tubes
• Female gender (narrower airway)
• High cuff pressures
• Airway inflammation or infection
• ICU-related factors (sepsis, fluid overload)
• Absence of cuff leak

Understanding these factors helps in risk stratification before extubation.

🔹 3. Management of Post-Extubation Stridor

This is the most critical section focusing on timely intervention:

• Immediate assessment of airway and oxygenation
• Supplemental oxygen therapy
• Nebulized adrenaline (epinephrine)
• Systemic corticosteroids
• Role of heliox (in selected cases)
• Close monitoring for deterioration
• Indications for reintubation
• Prevention strategies including cuff leak test and prophylactic steroids

We emphasize a stepwise, evidence-based approach to management.


























15/04/2026

Management of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias is a core skill for anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians. Understanding the difference between defibrillation and cardioversion is crucial for making rapid, life-saving decisions in the operating room, ICU, and emergency settings.

WATCH FULL VIDEO ON YOUTUBE: https://youtu.be/pXccYa0SdrY

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In this comprehensive video, we simplify the concepts of defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion, including their indications, techniques, and energy selection—making it easy to apply in both exams and clinical practice.

📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video
🔹 1. Basic Difference Between Defibrillation and Cardioversion

We start by clarifying the fundamental differences:

• Defibrillation: Unsynchronized shock used in life-threatening arrhythmias
• Cardioversion: Synchronized shock delivered with the R wave

We explain:
• Why synchronization is important
• Risks of delivering shock at the wrong time (R-on-T phenomenon)
• Clinical scenarios where each is used

🔹 2. Indications of Cardioversion

Synchronized cardioversion is used for organized tachyarrhythmias with a pulse.

Indications include:
• Atrial fibrillation (AF) with hemodynamic instability
• Atrial flutter
• Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
• Ventricular tachycardia (VT) with pulse

We also discuss when urgent cardioversion is required vs elective cardioversion.

🔹 3. Indications of Defibrillation

Defibrillation is used in cardiac arrest situations.

Key indications:
• Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
• Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)

We explain how defibrillation works by resetting chaotic electrical activity of the heart.

🔹 4. How to Perform Cardioversion

This section focuses on the step-by-step procedure:

• Patient preparation and consent (if elective)
• Sedation and analgesia
• Proper pad placement (anterolateral / anteroposterior)
• Activation of synchronized mode
• Delivering the shock safely
• Post-procedure monitoring

We also highlight common mistakes to avoid.

🔹 5. Energy Selection in Cardioversion

Choosing the correct energy level is essential for success.

We discuss:
• Initial energy settings for different arrhythmias
• Biphasic vs monophasic defibrillators
• Escalation strategy if first shock fails
• Guidelines-based recommendations

This is a high-yield exam topic and crucial for clinical practice.











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