15/10/2026
🖐️ The human hand is commonly modeled with 27 degrees of freedom. But how many of them can actually move independently?
Think about how naturally your fingers adapt when you grasp an object. Behind this seemingly simple action lies one of the most mechanically complex structures in the human body.
🦾 So, what can robotics learn from the human hand?
In the latest article on the BionIT Labs Blog, our CEO & Founder, Giovanni Zappatore, explores the relationship between degrees of freedom (DoF) and degrees of actuation (DoA), revealing how joint coupling and underactuation influence human hand movement, grasping, and robotic hand design.
And here’s where things get interesting: Adam’s Hand Plus has 10 driven degrees of freedom, controlled through just 3 motors: 2 actuated and 8 underactuated.
One motor closes the four long fingers through a differential mechanism, allowing each finger to adapt to the shape of the object it encounters. The other two motors independently control thumb flexion and rotation.
💡 The real challenge isn't reproducing every degree of freedom of the human hand, but understanding which ones are truly necessary for grasping and how to achieve them.
Curious to discover the engineering principles behind this approach?
📖 Read the full article: https://bionitlabs.com/tech-en/human-hand-degrees-of-freedom/