05/06/2026
Nutrition Management of Hypertension
Definition
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure remains consistently elevated above normal levels. Proper nutrition plays an important role in controlling blood pressure and reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Goals of Nutrition Management
Lower and control blood pressure.
Maintain a healthy body weight.
Reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Improve overall health and quality of life.
Dietary Recommendations
1. Reduce Sodium (Salt) Intake
Limit sodium intake to less than 2,300 mg per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt).
For better blood pressure control, aim for 1,500 mg per day.
Avoid:
Processed foods
Canned foods with added salt
Salted snacks
Fast foods
Pickles and cured meats
Use herbs, spices, lemon, and garlic instead of salt for flavoring.
2. Follow the DASH Diet
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) is a dietary pattern designed to lower blood pressure.
It emphasizes:
Fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Low-fat dairy products
Lean proteins (fish, poultry, legumes)
Nuts and seeds
It limits:
Saturated fats
Cholesterol
Sugary foods and beverages
3. Increase Potassium Intake
Potassium helps balance sodium levels and relax blood vessel walls.
Good sources include:
Bananas
Oranges
Avocados
Spinach
Sweet potatoes
Beans
Tomatoes
Note: Patients with kidney disease should consult a healthcare provider before increasing potassium intake.
4. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Excess body weight increases blood pressure.
Achieve and maintain a healthy Body Mass Index (BMI).
Combine healthy eating with regular physical activity.
5. Limit Saturated and Trans Fats
Reduce intake of:
Fatty meats
Butter
Full-fat dairy products
Fried foods
Processed baked goods
Choose:
Fish
Skinless poultry
Vegetable oils
Nuts and seeds
6. Increase Dietary Fiber
Fiber helps improve heart health and weight management.
Sources:
Whole grains
Fruits
Vegetables
Legumes
Oats
Recommended intake: 25–38 g of fibe
