08/11/2025
Understanding Depression
Depression is not just sadness — it’s a real illness. It affects how a person feels, thinks, and behaves, often interfering with daily functioning and overall quality of life. Unlike normal sadness, depression is persistent, more intense, and can severely impair functioning if left untreated.
According to the DSM-5, Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by at least two weeks of nearly daily depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure in most activities, accompanied by other cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms. In unipolar depression, the mood disturbance remains in the depressive pole (without manic or hypomanic episodes, as seen in bipolar disorder).
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
- Persistent sadness or emptiness
- Loss of interest in things you once loved
- Sleep problems (too little or too much)
- Appetite changes
- Low energy, poor focus
- Feelings of hopelessness or guilt
- Thoughts of giving up on life
Risk Factors and Causes
Depression rarely has a single cause; instead, it arises from an interplay of factors:
• Genetic vulnerability: Heritability is estimated at around 40%.
• Temperamental factors: High neuroticism and sensitivity to stress increase risk.
• Environmental influences: Trauma, childhood adversity, and ongoing life stressors.
• Medical conditions: Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, or stroke.
• Substance use: Alcohol and drug use both worsen and mask depressive symptoms.
Protective Factors
🛡️ What protects you from depression?
• Strong social support
• Healthy lifestyle (sleep, exercise, nutrition)
• Positive coping skills
• Faith/spirituality
• Sense of purpose & hope
Coping Mechanisms- How to cope when feeling low:
• Talk to someone you trust
• Practice mindfulness & relaxation
• Engage in physical activity
• Write your thoughts (journaling)
• Seek professional help
It is important to note that Depression is treatable.
- Therapy & counseling
- Medication (when needed)
- Healthy habits (sleep, exercise, nutrition)
- Strong support system
Depression ≠ weakness
Seeking help = courage
🤝 “Check in on yourself & your loved ones. Healing starts with one step.”
