VIQ in Medicine

15/05/2026

𝗣𝗖𝗢𝗦 𝗶𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘄 𝗣𝗠𝗢𝗦:

A historic change in women’s health:

PCOS (Polycystic O***y Syndrome) has officially been renamed to Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) after 14 years of global collaboration involving experts, researchers, and thousands of patients worldwide.

The previous name was considered misleading because many women with the condition do not actually have ovarian cysts. Experts say the old term reduced a complex hormonal and metabolic disorder to only “ovaries” and “cysts,” contributing to delayed diagnosis, poor awareness, stigma, and inadequate treatment.

PMOS better reflects the true nature of the condition, including its effects on:
• Hormones and endocrine function
• Weight and metabolism
• Fertility and reproductive health
• Skin and hair changes
• Mental health

The condition affects nearly 1 in 8 women globally, more than 170 million people worldwide.

More than 50 international medical and patient organizations participated in the renaming effort, and over 22,000 survey responses helped shape the final decision. Experts hope this change will improve awareness, encourage earlier diagnosis, advance research, and ensure women receive more comprehensive care instead of having their symptoms dismissed for years.

15/05/2026

Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) is the highest airway pressure reached during inspiration when a mechanical ventilator delivers a breath.

15/05/2026

Not every microcytic anemia is iron deficiency.

The Mentzer Index remains a useful bedside screening tool:
📌 >13 → IDA
📌

12/03/2026

Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease: Key Points from the 2025 Guidelines

1️⃣ Initial Serologic Testing
•First-line: IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA)
•Simultaneously: Total IgA to identify IgA deficiency
•If IgA deficient: Use IgG-based assays:
•tTG-IgG
•Deamidated gliadin peptide IgG (DGP-IgG)
•Note: Stool or saliva antibody tests are not recommended due to limited accuracy.

2️⃣ Confirmatory Testing
•Positive serology should be followed by upper endoscopy with duodenal biopsy.
•Biopsy recommendations:
•At least 6 biopsies
•From at least 2 locations: duodenal bulb and distal duodenum
•Histologic features:
•Villous atrophy
•Crypt hyperplasia
•Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes

3️⃣ Non-Biopsy Diagnosis (Selected Adults)
•Can be considered if all the following criteria are met:
•tTG-IgA ≥10× upper limit of normal
•Confirmatory positive serology
•Compatible clinical presentation
•Typically adults

23/12/2025

18/10/2024

46-year-old woman presented with these lesions.

No response to antibiotic agents.

Increased in size, and painful.

Likely diagnosis?

Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis

A biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis was made.

26/08/2024

Cardiogenic shock reminder -
A management approach:

03/06/2024

American Heart Association proposes to omit the following terminologies in it's latest scientific statement (May 2014)

❌️ 𝙃𝙮𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙪𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙮

❌️ 𝙃𝙮𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙨

Use of subjective emotive language such as 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙨 and 𝙪𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙮 fail to acknowledge the nuances of treatment decisions and may encourage unnecessary antihypertensive treatment.

Therefore in a statement paper from AHA in May 2024, it is proposed the following objective terminology:

✅️ 𝙃𝙮𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙮
🔸️SBP/DBP >180/110–120 mm Hg with evidence of new or worsening target-organ damage

✅️ 𝘼𝙨𝙮𝙢𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙠𝙚𝙙𝙡𝙮 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙫𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝘽𝙋
🔸️SBP/ DBP >180/110–120 mm Hg without evidence of new or worsening target-organ damage

✅️ 𝘼𝙨𝙮𝙢𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙫𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝘽𝙋
🔸️SBP/DBP ≥130/80 mm Hg without evidence of new or worsening target-organ damage.

Source : The Management of Elevated Blood Pressure in the Acute Care Setting: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000238?utm_campaign=sciencenews23-24&utm_source=science-news&utm_medium=phd-link&utm_content=phd-05-28-24 #

31/05/2024

Medicine residents!!!! Patient came with platelet counts of 30,000, with no history of bleed. You ordered a peripheral film morphology review? Here what you see. What is this?

Image: The blood project
Basically a lot of times due to the EDTA anticoagulant in the blood tube, phenomenon of platelet clumping is seen. This happens due to naturally occurring autoantibody against an epitope on GPIIbIIIa thats exposed by the EDTA. This causes, in vitro ( only in the tube and not in your body) clumping of platelets.
The counting machine has a specific size to measure a platelet as a platelet and so these clumps are missed and a falsely low count is reported by the automated analyzer. Which in actual is normal or atleast far higher than what reported.

31/05/2024

Dandy walker syndrome :
absent of cerebellum