21/06/2021
The cardiovascular, or circulatory, system supplies the body with blood. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
CVD comprises many different types of condition. Some of these might develop at the same time or lead to other conditions or diseases within the group.
Diseases and conditions that affect the heart include:
* Angina, a type of chest pain that occurs due to decreased blood flow into the heart
* Arrhythmia, or an irregular heartbeat or heart rhythm
* Congenital heart disease, in which a problem with heart function or structure is present from birth
* Coronary artery disease, which affects the arteries that feed the heart muscle
* Heart attack, or a sudden blockage to the heart’s blood flow and oxygen supply
* Heart failure, wherein the heart cannot contract or relax normally
* Dilated cardiomyopathy, a type of heart failure, in which the heart gets larger and cannot pump blood efficiently
* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in which the heart muscle walls thicken and problems with relaxation of the muscle, blood flow, and electrical instability develop
* Mitral regurgitation, in which blood leaks back through the mitral valve of the heart during contractions
* Mitral valve prolapse, in which part of the mitral valve bulges into the left atrium of the heart while it contracts, causing mitral regurgitation
* Pulmonary stenosis, in which a narrowing of the pulmonary artery reduces blood flow from the right ventricle (pumping chamber to the lungs) to the pulmonary artery (blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs)
* Aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the heart valve that can cause blockage to blood flow leaving the heart
atrial fibrillation, an irregular rhythm that can increase the risk of stroke
* Rheumatic heart disease, a complication of strep throat that causes inflammation in the heart and which can affect the function of heart valves
* Radiation heart disease, wherein radiation to the chest can lead to damage to the heart valves and blood vessels.
Symptoms
Symptoms will vary depending on the specific condition. Some conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or hypertension, may initially cause no symptoms at all.
However, typical symptoms of an underlying cardiovascular issue include:
* Pain or pressure in the chest, which may indicate angina
* Pain or discomfort in the arms, left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back
* Shortness of breath
* Nausea and fatigue
* Lightheadedness or dizziness
* Cold sweats
Although these are the most common ones, CVD can cause symptoms anywhere in the body.
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