PharmaHorizon

08/05/2026

🧠 Dopamine and Behavior

Dopamine is a chemical in the brain that acts as a neurotransmitter ⚡ often called the feel good or reward 🏆 chemical.

Dopamine doesn’t just make you happy, it pushes you to seek reward, repeat behavior and stay engaged.

---

🎁 How it acts as a reward centre.

✨By providing a sense of pleasure after activities like eating. social interaction , or social media usage reinforcing behaviors 🔁.

---

📈 Examples of things that we do that stimulate dopamine rise.

🔔 Getting a notification will spike up small dopamine release and force you to check your phone .

✅ Finishing a task, dopamine reinforces that behavior .

🎁 Anticipating a reward, dopamine rises even before you get it .

---

⚠️ Overstimulation of dopamine comes from

🚫Drugs
🚫 Digital devices
🚫 Video gaming
🚫 Gambling
🚫 Excessive online shopping
🚫 Po*******hy
🚫 Sugar and processed food

These Activities are typically fast ⚡, intense 🔥, and effortless rewards . These actions trigger a rapid spike in dopamine followed by a sharp crash , which can lead to addiction, tolerance , and a reduced ability to enjoy everyday life .

---

📊 Baseline & Spikes

The brain is the organ that maintains a constant "baseline" of dopamine, while pleasurable activities cause a "spike" 📈, followed by a drop 📉 below the baseline, contributing to craving that reinforces behavior leading to addiction ⛓️.

---

🌿 Ways to manage Dopamine

Balancing dopamine involves cultivating habits that produce a steady, sustainable , and "slow" release of the neurotransmitter , rather than the rapid ⚡, high-spike "rush and crash" cycle.

Here are key activities that help balance dopamine ⚖️,

🏃‍♀️Physical Movement like:

✨Running

✨Cycling

✨Swimming

✨Brisk walking for 30 minutes daily

✨Quick 10–20 minute bursts of dancing to a favorite song

✨ Jumping Jacks

✨Skipping

✨Yoga and Stretching

✨Cold showers or jumping into cold water

---

🎨 Creative Activities

✨Drawing

✨Painting

✨knitting, or crafting

✨Listening to music you love

✨Playing an instrument

✨Meditation and Deep Breathing

✨Journaling

---

🍎 Nutrition

✨ ChIcken

✨Turkey

✨Eggs

✨dairy products

✨Soy and legumes

✨Nuts and seeds

✨Banana

✨Avocados

✨Dark chocolate

✨Oily fish

🦠 Probiotics:
like yogurt 🥣, kefir 🥛, and sauerkraut 🥬 support gut health, which is linked to brain health 🧠 and mood regulation 😊.

---

⚖️ Dopamine Balance

Balancing dopamine level is important as symptoms of high dopamine include anxiety or hyperactivity , while low dopamine may cause depression 😞 or lack of motivation .

If your dopamine system is under-resourced, you can still function, but you will likely experience high resistance, low motivation, and a feeling of being "stuck". This "misfiring" is often mislabeled as laziness, when it is actually a chemical, treatable issue.

✨ If this was informative make sure to follow , like ❤️, and share 🔄 ✨

07/05/2026

🏷️ Skin tags

🤷‍♀️Do you like to know what Skin tags are?

Skin tags (acrochordons) are common, soft, harmless, and usually painless skin growths.

---

🔎 Where they are found

They usually grow in the folds of your skin, where the skin rubs together 🔄, such as in your:

🔹 armpits
🔹 groin
🔹 a**s
🔹 thighs
🔹 eyelids
🔹 neck
🔹 under your breast

---

⚠️ Causes and Risk Factors

🌀 Friction: Primarily caused by skin-on-skin rubbing, explaining their prevalence in body folds.

🍡 Insulin/Metabolic Issues: Strongly linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes , high cholesterol, or obesity.

🧬 Age and Genetics: Common in older adults and they tend to run in families 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦.

🤰 Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and weight gain may increase their development.

---

👀 Symptoms and Appearance

🔗 Small, soft, wrinkly, or smooth skin-colored to brown lumps.

🔗 Attached to the skin by a thin stalk or base.

🔗 Usually painless unless twisted or irritated 😣.

---

🩺 Treatment and Removal

🚫 Skin tags can't be fully prevented. You can, however, lower your chances of them by keeping a healthy body weight ⚖️ with a balanced diet 🥗 and exercise 🏃.When necessary for cosmetic or comfort reasons, they can be removed by a professional 👨‍⚕️ via:

✂️ Excision: Snipping with sterile surgical scissors.

❄️ Cryotherapy: Freezing with liquid nitrogen.

🔥 Electrosurgery/Cautery: Burning.

---

🌿 Home Remedy

🌱 Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil, in particular, has antifungal and antiviral 😷 properties, which make it great for the treatment of skin tags.

✨ Wash the affected area.

✨ Mix a few drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil 🧴.

✨ Use a cotton swap or Q-tip to apply the mixture over the skin tag and massage it gently 🤲.

✨Cover it with a bandage and leave it overnight 🌙.

✨ Repeat the process until the skin tag dries out and falls.

---

🍏 Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is another miracle ✨ ingredient that is already likely available in your pantry . The acidity of apple cider vinegar causes the tissues surrounding the skin to break down. As a result, the skin tag eventually falls off 🍂. However, make sure to use organic apple cider vinegar for this purpose.

🪄 Soak a cotton swab in organic apple cider vinegar 🍏.

🪄Place the cotton swab over the skin tag.

🪄Cover the cotton swab with a bandage.

🪄Leave it for 20 to 30 minutes.

🪄Wash the skin with a mild soap or cleanser.

🪄Repeat the process until the skin tag falls off 🍂.

---

🧄 Garlic

Garlic 🧄 has anti-inflammatory ✨ properties which directly target the skin tags. Instead of making the skin tag fall off, this method causes it to shrink and eventually disappear . By reducing inflammation 🔥, garlic also helps improve the appearance of the skin.

📍Crush a piece of garlic clove .

📍 Apply it over the skin tag and the surrounding area.

📍Cover the garlic with a bandage and leave it overnight 🌙.

📍 Wash the area in the morning. (Do not skip this!) ❗

📍 Repeat the process until the skin tag disappears .

Sources
www.suncoastskin.com
www.nhs.uk/conditions/skin-tags

✨ Sure you enjoyed this piece then do follow , like , and share 😊😀

13/02/2026

11/02/2026

09/02/2026

30/11/2025

.

20/11/2025

02/05/2022

Antibiotics Combination Therapy you need to know.

Levofloxacin + Amoxicillin.
Effective and safe for H.Pylori eradication.

Gentamicin + Azithromycin.
Effective for drug-resistant gonorrhea.

Ceftriaxone + Azithromycin.
Effective for drug-resistant gonorrhea.

Azithromycin + Amoxicillin clavulanate.
Effective for community-acquired Pneumonia.

Ciprofloxacin alone
Effective for Chlamydial or Gonococcal PID.

Note:
Studies have shown that combination antibiotics therapy achieves a better outcome compared with monotherapy, and should be given in the following subsets of patients :

☑️Outpatients with comorbidities and previous antibiotics therapy.
☑️Nursing home patients.
☑️Hospitalised patients with severe CAP, bacteremic Pneumococcal CAP and presence of shock.

In previously healthy patients without comorbidities or without previous antibiotic therapy, monotherapy is still the empirical initial recommended therapy.

23/08/2021

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (S.T.D.)

S*xually transmitted disease ( S.T.D) popularly called sweetie in pidgin English, Ciwon Sangi in Hausa , Atosi in Yoruba, is an infection transmitted through s*xual contact by bacteria, viruses or parasites. It is also called s*xually transmitted infection (S.T.I) or Veneral disease (V.D).

The sweet sensation often experienced when scratched is heavenly, hence referred to as sweetie by most people.

CAUSES/MODE OF TRANSMISSION

S*x is not the only way STDs are transmitted, depending on the specific STD, infections may also be transmitted through sharing needles, breastfeeding( Viral STDs), sharing of beddings and clothings, skin -skin contact ( in the case of p***c lice).

However, there is a popular myth that one can catch STD from toilet seat, telephone or other objects used by an infected person.For example STD where the causative agent is Chlamydia, if this organism touches the skin or buttocks is not sufficient for a person to get the infection. The organism would have to come in contact with suitable body tissue such as the cervix, urethra or cornea of the eye to survive.
The mode of transmission of Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HPV, HIV, Herpes, Trichomoniasis amongst others are through va**nal, a**l or oral s*x.

SYMPTOMS
Some STDs are asymptomatic. For example Chlamydia; many people with Chlamydia have no noticeable symptoms. When no symptoms do develop, they often include pain or discomfort during s*x or urination, green or yellow discharge from the p***s or va**nal, pain in the lower abdomen.If left untreated, Chlamydia can lead to infections of the Urethra, Prostate gland or testicles, pelvic inflammatory diseases, infertility.
If a pregnant woman has untreated Chlamydia, she can pass it to her baby during birth.The baby may develop Pneumonia,eye infections or blindness.

Noticeable Symptoms of STD are
Sores, bumps,or rashes on or around the va**na, p***s, a**s, buttocks, thighs, mouth or throat.
Unusual discharge or bleeding from the va**na or p***s.
Itchiness in or around the va**na or p***s
Painful or swollen testicles.

Specific symptoms can vary from one STD to another.

TYPES OF STDs.

Chlamydia
HPV(Human Papilloma virus)
Sypilis
HIV
Gonorrhea
P***c lice
Trichomoniasis
Herpes
Scabies
Chancroid.

CURABLE STD/Veneral disease are

Chlamydia, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, p***c lice, Trichomoniasis.

Others that can not be cured are
HPV,HIV and Herpes.However they can be managed.

Prevention Tips
Mutually monogamous relationship
Use latex codoms
Vaccination against hepatitis/HPV
Get H.I.V test
Use water based lubricant
Avoid sharing underclothing
Abstinence (whether a**l, va**nal or oral)

Written by Pharm. Imuetinyan H. Olaiya.

Visit Adimae Pharmacy to get an early diagnosis, best available treatment options.
Pregnant women can also be treated for STD.
,