25/06/2026
What is Alzheimer's disease?
Alzheimer's disease is a disease that slowly damages the brain. It affects a person's memory, thinking, behavior, and ability to carry out everyday activities. It is the most common cause of dementia, especially in older adults.
Think of the brain as a large library. Alzheimer's gradually damages the "books" (memories) and the "filing system" (how information is stored and found). As a result, it becomes harder for the person to remember, think clearly, and make decisions.
Common signs and symptoms
Forgetting recent conversations or events.
Asking the same question repeatedly.
Misplacing items and being unable to find them.
Difficulty recognizing familiar people or places.
Confusion about time or location.
Trouble planning or solving simple problems.
Changes in mood, personality, or behavior.
Difficulty speaking, reading, or understanding conversations.
Needing help with dressing, eating, bathing, and other daily activities as the disease progresses.
What causes it?
The exact cause is not fully understood. Scientists believe it happens because abnormal proteins build up in the brain, damaging brain cells over many years. Age is the biggest risk factor, but genetics, family history, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, and lack of physical activity may also increase the risk.
Is there a cure?
There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, some medicines and supportive care can help manage symptoms, slow their progression in some people, and improve quality of life.
How can family members help?
Be patient and speak calmly.
Keep a regular daily routine.
Use simple words and short sentences.
Label rooms or important items if needed.
Ensure the home is safe to prevent falls or wandering.
Encourage healthy meals, gentle exercise, and social interaction.
Provide emotional support and reassurance rather than arguing when the person is confused.
