20/08/2026
MEASLES (Tigdas)
Cause
* Caused by the measles virus.
* It is one of the most contagious diseases and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or breathes.
* The virus can remain infectious in the air or on surfaces for up to about 2 hours.
Signs and symptoms
* 🌡️ High fever
* 🤧 Runny nose
* 😷 Cough
* 👁️ Red and watery eyes
* ⚪ Small white spots inside the cheeks (Koplik spots)
* 🔴 Red rash that usually starts on the face and upper neck and spreads downward to the body, arms and legs.
Possible complications
* 🫁 Pneumonia
* 🧠 Encephalitis or swelling of the brain
* 💧 Severe diarrhea and dehydration
* 👂 Ear infection, which may cause hearing loss
* 👁️ Blindness
* ⚠️ Death in severe cases
Complications are particularly concerning among children below 5 years old, especially those who are malnourished or have weakened immunity.
RUBELLA ( GERMAN MEASLES)
Cause
* Caused by the rubella virus.
* It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Signs and symptoms
* 🌡️ Mild fever
* 🔴 Fine pink/red rash, usually starting on the face and neck and spreading downward
* 👂 Swollen lymph nodes, especially behind the ears and in the neck
* 👁️ Mild conjunctivitis
* 🤢 Nausea
* 🦴 Joint pain, particularly in adults
* The rash commonly lasts about 1–3 days.
Possible complications
Rubella is usually mild in children, but it can be very dangerous during pregnancy.
Infection during early pregnancy can cause:
* ❌ Miscarriage
* ❌ Fetal death
* 👂 Hearing impairment
* 👁️ Eye defects
* ❤️ Congenital heart defects
* Developmental problems
These birth defects are collectively called Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS).