09/21/2026
September is Vascular Disease Awareness Month, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most common vascular diseases.
PAD occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the legs, reducing blood flow. As a result, the muscles may not receive enough oxygen-rich blood during physical activity, leading to leg pain or cramping.
Because PAD can worsen over time and increase the risk of serious complications, Dr. Maria Castello Ramirez, a vascular surgeon with the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute in central Pa., recommends not ignoring symptoms and seeking medical evaluation if they occur.
“The good news is that PAD can often be diagnosed with a simple, painless test called the ankle-brachial index,” she explains. “This test compares blood pressure readings in the arms and legs to evaluate blood flow, and if the results suggest reduced circulation, additional imaging tests may be needed.”
Dr. Castello Ramirez says many cases of PAD can be managed with healthy lifestyle changes, such as quitting to***co, eating a heart-healthy diet, and following a regular walking program. Other treatment options may consist of medications or minimally invasive procedures, including angioplasty or stenting.
In some cases, surgery may be needed to “bypass” a blocked artery and improve circulation.
Dr. Castello Ramirez emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, especially for people at higher risk of developing PAD.
“This list includes adults over 50, those who use to***co, and individuals with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, excess weight, a sedentary lifestyle, or a family history of PAD or other cardiovascular diseases.”
For more information or to schedule an appointment, https://go.upmc.com/35334IKBD.