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Methemoglobin reductase testing evaluates the activity of the enzyme system responsible for converting methemoglobin (Fe...
06/17/2026

Methemoglobin reductase testing evaluates the activity of the enzyme system responsible for converting methemoglobin (Fe³⁺) back to functional hemoglobin (Fe²⁺), allowing normal oxygen transport. The primary enzyme involved is cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase). Testing is used to investigate congenital methemoglobinemia, particularly cases caused by CYB5R3 gene mutations, which result in reduced enzyme activity and persistent elevation of methemoglobin levels. The assay is performed using a blood sample and measures the ability of erythrocytes to reduce methemoglobin. Decreased enzyme activity supports a diagnosis of hereditary methemoglobinemia and helps differentiate it from acquired causes due to oxidant exposure or medication.

The Type I Collagen Degradation (Deoxypyridinoline, DPD) test is a biochemical marker used to assess bone resorption, th...
06/16/2026

The Type I Collagen Degradation (Deoxypyridinoline, DPD) test is a biochemical marker used to assess bone resorption, the process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue. DPD is a pyridinium crosslink found in mature type I collagen, the principal structural protein of bone. During bone degradation, DPD is released into the bloodstream and excreted unchanged in urine, making it a specific indicator of skeletal collagen breakdown. Elevated urinary DPD levels are associated with increased bone turnover and may be seen in osteoporosis, Paget disease, hyperparathyroidism, metastatic bone disease, and other disorders characterized by accelerated bone loss. The test is useful for evaluating fracture risk, monitoring antiresorptive therapies such as bisphosphonates, and assessing treatment response. DPD levels are typically reported relative to urinary creatinine to account for variations in urine concentration.

Hantaviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses transmitted primarily through aerosolized excreta of infected rodents. They cause ...
06/12/2026

Hantaviruses are zoonotic RNA viruses transmitted primarily through aerosolized excreta of infected rodents. They cause two major clinical syndromes: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe and Asia. Infection typically presents with an acute febrile illness followed by rapid progression to capillary leak, thrombocytopenia, and, in severe cases, respiratory failure or renal impairment. Hantavirus serology testing detects virus-specific IgM and IgG antibodies, most commonly using ELISA or immunofluorescence assays. IgM indicates recent or acute infection, while IgG reflects past exposure or later-stage infection. It should be interpreted alongside clinical presentation and exposure history, particularly rodent contact, to confirm diagnosis and guide supportive management. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c67463-f011-45c9-9d17-8ad560091b50

Kidney stone analysis is a laboratory test performed on a passed, surgically removed, or retrieved urinary stone to dete...
06/11/2026

Kidney stone analysis is a laboratory test performed on a passed, surgically removed, or retrieved urinary stone to determine its chemical composition. The analysis helps identify the specific minerals present, such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite, cystine, or mixed stone components. Determining stone composition is essential for diagnosing the underlying cause of nephrolithiasis and guiding personalized prevention and treatment strategies. Results assist clinicians in evaluating metabolic abnormalities, dietary factors, urinary tract infections, genetic disorders, and other conditions associated with stone formation. Kidney stone analysis is often combined with urine chemistry studies, serum metabolic testing, and imaging examinations to assess recurrence risk. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c6d387-1be7-4bf0-9cc3-26b07be9e470

The CH50 (Total Complement) test is a functional assay that measures the overall activity of the classical complement pa...
06/10/2026

The CH50 (Total Complement) test is a functional assay that measures the overall activity of the classical complement pathway. It evaluates the ability of a patient’s serum to lyse antibody-sensitized sheep red blood cells, reflecting the integrity of complement components C1 through C9. A decreased CH50 level suggests deficiency or consumption of one or more classical pathway components, commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, hereditary complement deficiencies, or active immune complex–mediated diseases. An absent CH50 strongly indicates deficiency in early components (C1, C2, or C4) or terminal components (C5–C9). Elevated CH50 is less common but may be associated with acute-phase inflammatory responses. It is a key screening tool in immunology and clinical diagnostics. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
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Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction...
06/05/2026

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein essential for normal blood clotting. VWF helps platelets adhere to damaged blood vessel walls and carries clotting factor VIII in circulation. Individuals with VWD may experience frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, excessive bleeding after surgery or dental procedures, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The condition is classified into three main types based on the amount and function of VWF. Diagnosis involves specialized blood tests that assess VWF levels, activity, and factor VIII. Treatment may include desmopressin, VWF concentrates, or antifibrinolytic medications depending on severity. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e26ff-5122-469f-9221-2329fdfea0b2

Pancreastatin is a peptide derived from chromogranin A, a protein stored and released by neuroendocrine cells. It plays ...
06/04/2026

Pancreastatin is a peptide derived from chromogranin A, a protein stored and released by neuroendocrine cells. It plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and gastrointestinal function. Clinically, pancreastatin has gained importance as a biomarker for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), particularly gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Elevated blood levels may correlate with tumor burden, disease progression, and response to treatment. Compared with chromogranin A, pancreastatin is less affected by proton pump inhibitor use, making it a potentially more specific marker in certain clinical settings. Measurement of pancreastatin can assist in disease monitoring, prognostication, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c96e68-1818-469e-81ea-3c15dc872c45

The HOXB13 (G84E) gene mutation analysis is a genetic test used to identify a specific inherited variant in the HOXB13 g...
06/01/2026

The HOXB13 (G84E) gene mutation analysis is a genetic test used to identify a specific inherited variant in the HOXB13 gene that is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The G84E mutation results from a single amino acid substitution and has been linked to hereditary and early-onset prostate cancer, particularly in men of European ancestry. Individuals carrying this mutation may have a higher likelihood of developing aggressive disease and may benefit from enhanced screening and risk assessment. Testing is typically performed using blood or saliva samples and can aid in identifying at-risk family members. HOXB13 (G84E) analysis is often included in hereditary cancer panels to support personalized prevention, surveillance, and clinical management strategies. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55c693d2-46b4-4fef-b2f4-6d352f04aa15

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein...
05/29/2026

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a). Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics and remain relatively stable throughout life. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. High levels can promote plaque formation in arteries and increase blood clotting tendencies. Unlike traditional lipid markers, Lp(a) is not significantly affected by diet or lifestyle changes. Testing is recommended for individuals with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or unexplained high cardiovascular risk. Early identification helps guide risk assessment and preventive management strategies.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/63f2ed3f-f354-47e3-8052-5513038b0e84

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and ...
05/28/2026

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and C-peptide within pancreatic beta cells. Under healthy conditions, only small amounts of proinsulin are released into the bloodstream. Elevated proinsulin levels may indicate beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin processing, or increased demand for insulin production. Proinsulin testing is useful in evaluating disorders such as insulinoma, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. In patients with insulinoma, proinsulin levels are often disproportionately elevated compared to insulin levels. The test can help distinguish endogenous insulin production from exogenous insulin administration and provides valuable insight into pancreatic endocrine function and glucose metabolism. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55cd7a98-2fba-407f-9019-1650dbd34b19

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