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Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein...
05/29/2026

Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-containing particle found in the blood that resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) but contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a). Lp(a) levels are largely determined by genetics and remain relatively stable throughout life. Elevated Lp(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. High levels can promote plaque formation in arteries and increase blood clotting tendencies. Unlike traditional lipid markers, Lp(a) is not significantly affected by diet or lifestyle changes. Testing is recommended for individuals with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or unexplained high cardiovascular risk. Early identification helps guide risk assessment and preventive management strategies.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/63f2ed3f-f354-47e3-8052-5513038b0e84

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and ...
05/28/2026

Proinsulin testing measures the level of proinsulin, the precursor molecule that is normally converted into insulin and C-peptide within pancreatic beta cells. Under healthy conditions, only small amounts of proinsulin are released into the bloodstream. Elevated proinsulin levels may indicate beta-cell dysfunction, impaired insulin processing, or increased demand for insulin production. Proinsulin testing is useful in evaluating disorders such as insulinoma, type 2 diabetes, and certain forms of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. In patients with insulinoma, proinsulin levels are often disproportionately elevated compared to insulin levels. The test can help distinguish endogenous insulin production from exogenous insulin administration and provides valuable insight into pancreatic endocrine function and glucose metabolism. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55cd7a98-2fba-407f-9019-1650dbd34b19

The HIV Co-Receptor Tropism (Trofile) Assay is a specialized molecular test used to determine which co-receptor CCR5, CX...
05/26/2026

The HIV Co-Receptor Tropism (Trofile) Assay is a specialized molecular test used to determine which co-receptor CCR5, CXCR4, or both an HIV strain uses to enter host CD4+ T cells. This information is clinically important before initiating CCR5 antagonist therapy, such as maraviroc, because these drugs are effective only against CCR5-tropic HIV strains. The assay analyzes viral envelope proteins, particularly gp120, to assess viral tropism and predict treatment response. Trofile testing is commonly performed in patients with treatment-resistant HIV infection or virologic failure. Results help clinicians personalize antiretroviral therapy and avoid ineffective medications. Enhanced-sensitivity versions of the assay can detect minor CXCR4-using viral populations, improving therapeutic decision-making and contributing to more precise HIV management and better long-term treatment outcomes. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/55d8f48a-0562-4e94-9b79-01d564d82d7a

Androgen receptor gene mutation refers to alterations in the AR gene located on the X chromosome, which encodes the andr...
05/23/2026

Androgen receptor gene mutation refers to alterations in the AR gene located on the X chromosome, which encodes the androgen receptor protein responsible for mediating the effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Mutations in this gene can impair androgen signaling, leading to disorders such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, and certain forms of male infertility. Depending on the type and severity of the mutation, affected individuals may exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from ambiguous genitalia to complete resistance to male hormones. AR gene mutations are also implicated in prostate cancer progression, particularly in castration-resistant prostate cancer, where altered receptors continue to drive tumor growth despite androgen deprivation therapy. Molecular testing aids diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic planning.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea are related laboratory measurements used to assess kidney function and protein metabo...
05/22/2026

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea are related laboratory measurements used to assess kidney function and protein metabolism, but they are not identical. Urea is a waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins and ammonia. It is transported in the blood and excreted by the kidneys. BUN specifically measures the nitrogen portion of urea in the blood rather than the entire urea molecule. Because of this difference, BUN values are numerically lower than urea values. Elevated BUN or urea levels may indicate kidney dysfunction, dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or increased protein breakdown. Low levels can occur in liver disease or malnutrition. Both tests are commonly included in routine metabolic panels to evaluate renal and metabolic health.

A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate how efficiently the body processes glucose. It...
05/20/2026

A glucose tolerance test (GTT) is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate how efficiently the body processes glucose. It is commonly performed to diagnose diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and gestational diabetes. During the test, the patient fasts overnight, after which a fasting blood glucose sample is collected. The patient then drinks a standardized glucose solution, and blood samples are taken at specific intervals, usually over two hours, to measure changes in blood glucose levels. In healthy individuals, insulin helps move glucose into cells, causing blood glucose levels to return to normal. Abnormal results may indicate impaired glucose metabolism or insulin resistance. The test is especially valuable for detecting early abnormalities that may not appear in fasting glucose measurements alone. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.

Inherited Insulin Resistance Syndromes (INSR) gene mutation analysis is a molecular genetic test used to detect pathogen...
05/16/2026

Inherited Insulin Resistance Syndromes (INSR) gene mutation analysis is a molecular genetic test used to detect pathogenic variants in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene associated with severe insulin resistance disorders. These rare syndromes include Donohue syndrome, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and Type A insulin resistance syndrome. Mutations in the INSR gene impair insulin receptor function, leading to abnormal glucose metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, growth abnormalities, and metabolic complications. Genetic analysis is commonly performed using PCR-based sequencing or next-generation sequencing techniques to identify point mutations, deletions, or insertions within the gene. Early detection supports accurate diagnosis, prognosis assessment, genetic counseling, and appropriate clinical management. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e2716-060b-433e-92e4-2db25c90473e

Huntington disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene on chromosome 4....
05/14/2026

Huntington disease is a rare, inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the HTT gene on chromosome 4. The disease leads to progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain, particularly affecting movement, cognition, and behavior. Symptoms usually appear between ages 30 and 50 and include involuntary jerking movements (chorea), impaired coordination, depression, memory loss, mood disturbances, and difficulty speaking or swallowing. Huntington disease follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, meaning a child of an affected parent has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. Diagnosis is confirmed through genetic testing and neurological evaluation. Ongoing research is focused on gene-targeted therapies and novel treatments aimed at slowing disease progression and improving neurological function. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e2794-621c-4b70-b2b4-3709e3a9760b

Endomysial (EMA) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against the endomysium, the connective tissue surrounding muscle...
05/12/2026

Endomysial (EMA) antibodies are autoantibodies directed against the endomysium, the connective tissue surrounding muscle fibers. Detection of EMA antibodies is primarily used in the diagnosis of Celiac Disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. EMA testing is usually performed using indirect immunofluorescence and has very high specificity for celiac disease. These antibodies target tissue transglutaminase (tTG), the major autoantigen involved in the disease process. EMA antibodies are most commonly of the IgA class; therefore, total serum IgA levels are often assessed simultaneously to exclude IgA deficiency. Positive EMA results, together with clinical findings and intestinal biopsy, strongly support the diagnosis of celiac disease and help monitor adherence to a gluten-free diet. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e2694-be52-4476-b5ab-808ba2bfbbb1

LDS®Rx® is a user-friendly analytical tool that employs a sophisticated algorithm to interpret syndromic panels and anti...
05/09/2026

LDS®Rx® is a user-friendly analytical tool that employs a sophisticated algorithm to interpret syndromic panels and antibiotic resistance, generating real-time, guideline-oriented pharmacotherapeutic recommendations according to detected microbial load and antimicrobial resistance genes. Learn more about our products:
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Serum homocysteine is a blood test used to measure the level of homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid formed duri...
05/09/2026

Serum homocysteine is a blood test used to measure the level of homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid formed during methionine metabolism. Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with vitamin B12, vitamin B6, or folate deficiency and may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and thrombosis. The test is also useful in evaluating inherited metabolic disorders such as homocystinuria. Blood samples are usually collected after fasting for accurate results. Normal serum homocysteine levels generally range between 5–15 µmol/L, although values may vary among laboratories. Increased levels can also be seen in renal disease, hypothyroidism, smoking, and certain medications. Early detection and treatment with vitamin supplementation and lifestyle modification can help reduce complications associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Learn more about the testing with Medical Database.
https://app.medicaldatabase.com/site/medical-tests/559e26c0-1b2c-4543-a041-013dd007de43

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