05/11/2026
Lymphoedema (Lymphedema)
Lymphoedema is a condition characterised by localised swelling due to the build-up of lymphatic fluid, often caused by impaired lymphatic flow. While it can affect any part of the body, it most commonly occurs in the arms, legs, or face. In Australia, lymphoedema is recognised as a chronic condition that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life if not managed properly.
Lymphoedema is typically classified into two types — Primary Lymphoedema and Secondary (Acquired) Lymphoedema.
Primary Lymphoedema
Primary lymphoedema is a genetic or congenital condition that results from developmental abnormalities within the lymphatic system.
Common causes include:
Genetic defects: Some individuals are born with underdeveloped or malformed lymphatic vessels, which impair lymphatic drainage. It can present at birth, during childhood, or later in life.
Lymphoedema–Distichiasis Syndrome: A rare inherited condition where lymphoedema is accompanied by an abnormal second row of eyelashes (distichiasis).
Secondary (Acquired) Lymphoedema
Secondary lymphoedema occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged or blocked due to another underlying condition. This is the more common form of lymphoedema seen in Australia.
Common causes include:
Surgical treatment: In cancer care, lymph nodes or vessels may be removed, particularly for cancers such as breast, prostate, or uterine cancer. This disruption can cause swelling in the affected limb.
Radiation therapy: Radiotherapy can scar or damage lymph nodes and vessels, interrupting normal drainage and causing persistent swelling.
Infection: Severe infections such as cellulitis or, in rare cases, filariasis (especially in people returning from overseas), can damage lymphatic tissue, impairing fluid drainage.
Trauma or post-surgical complications: Injuries, burns, or surgical incisions can damage lymphatic vessels, leading to swelling.
Chronic diseases: Conditions like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease can contribute to fluid overload, increasing the risk of lymphoedema.
Obesity: Severe obesity is a significant risk factor for lymphoedema in Australia. Excess adipose tissue can compress lymphatic vessels, obstructing proper fluid drainage.
Inflammatory diseases: Chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can impair lymphatic circulation, making swelling more likely.
Summary
Lymphoedema is a chronic condition, but it can be managed effectively. Early diagnosis combined with tailored management — including compression therapy, exercise, skin care, and weight management — can reduce swelling and enhance overall wellbeing. In Australia, healthcare professionals stress the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring that patients receive comprehensive support to maintain mobility, comfort, and quality of life.
By focusing on early intervention and appropriate care, those with lymphoedema can live comfortably and manage the condition effectively.
