05/18/2026
For patients, intubation is an uncomfortable procedure that is intolerable without pharmacological support. Patients also typically experience discomfort after extubation, with postoperative sore throat being among the most commonly reported complaints following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, having an incidence ranging from 14% to 100% depending on patient characteristics, tube size, cuff design, and assessment methodology.
Taken together, the available evidence suggests that the clinical utility of lidocaine spray vs. gel for intubation is highly formulation...