02/06/2026
Diabetes occurs when the body has trouble regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels. The causes vary depending on the type of diabetes:
1. Type 1 Diabetes
This is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. The body’s immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Causes include:
• Autoimmune response: The immune system destroys beta cells that produce insulin.
• Genetic factors: Family history increases risk.
• Environmental triggers: Certain viruses or infections may trigger the immune response.
2. Type 2 Diabetes
This is the most common form, often developing in adults, but increasingly seen in teens. Causes include:
• Insulin resistance: The body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin.
• Poor diet and obesity: High sugar and high-fat diets contribute to excess weight, increasing risk.
• Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise worsens insulin resistance.
• Genetics: Family history plays a strong role.
• Age and ethnicity: Risk increases with age and in some ethnic groups (African, Hispanic, Asian, Indigenous).
3. Gestational Diabetes
This occurs during pregnancy:
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy hormones can block insulin.
• Overweight or obesity: Increases risk.
• Family history or previous gestational diabetes.
4. Other Causes / Risk Factors
• Certain medications (like steroids or some antipsychotics).
• Pancreatic diseases (pancreatitis, tumors).
• Hormonal disorders (Cushing’s syndrome, acromegaly).
