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06/17/2026

Researchers reported that methylene blue caused dose-dependent toxicity in human brain tumor cells, including neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cell lines. As the concentration increased, more tumor cells were damaged and lost their ability to survive.

The study found that this effect was not primarily related to changes in cGMP signaling, a pathway previously associated with methylene blue. Instead, the cytotoxic action appeared to involve hydroxyl radicals and changes in intracellular calcium levels, as blocking these mechanisms significantly reduced cell death.

The findings suggested that methylene blue could interfere with key processes required for tumor cell survival and raised interest in its potential future use as a treatment approach for human brain tumors.

PMID: 7874686