18/05/2026
BLADDER OUTLET OBSTRUCTION IN WOMEN
Urethral stenosis in women is an abnormal narrowing or scarring of the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. Though relatively rare in women, it causes disruptive urinary symptoms and is treated using dilations, medications, or surgical reconstruction.
SYMPTOMS
Because of the narrowing restricts normal urine flow (bladder outlet obstruction), symptoms often include a mix of storage and voiding issues:
1. Weak or slow urinary stream
2. Difficulty in starting urination (hesitancy) or needing to strain
3. A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
4. Urinary frequency and urgency
5. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
6. Urinary incontinence (leaking)
COMMON CAUSES
The condition generally develops due to scarring, tissue breakdown, or inflammation
1. Idiopathic: In over 50% of cases, the exact cause is unknown.
2. Iatrogenic(medical). Complications from prior pelvic or vaginal surgeries, radiation therapy, or prolonged urinary catheterization.
3.Trauma: Injury to the urethra or pelvis
4. Diseases: Chronic conditions like lichen sclerosus.
5. Estrogen Deficiency: Postmenopausal vaginal or urethral atrophy can sometimes lead to narrowing at the urethral opening.
DIAGNSOIS
To diagnose the condition, a urologist will typically review your symptoms and perform a physical exam. Diagnostic tools can include:
1. Cystoscopy: Using a tiny camera to visually inspect the inside of the urethra and bladder.
2. Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG): An X-ray of the bladder and urethra taken while urinating.
3. Urodynamics: Tests to evaluate how well the bladder holds and releases urine.