29/10/2026
Magnesium: Glycinate, Citrate, Malate or Threonate – What's the Difference?
With so many types of magnesium available, it is easy to wonder whether they're all the same.
Magnesium can be combined with different compounds, which can affect how it is absorbed and tolerated.
Here is a quick guide to six common forms.
Magnesium Glycinate (Bisglycinate)
Combined with the amino acid glycine, this form is often chosen for its good digestive tolerability.
Magnesium Citrate
One of the most studied forms, with relatively good absorption, but it can be harsh on the gut and can cause a laxative effect, especially in high doses.
Magnesium Malate
Combined with malic acid, which plays a role in energy metabolism, and is not as well studied.
Magnesium L-Threonate
Is indicated for supporting cognitive function; it is combined with L-threonic acid (a metabolite of vitamin C) to enhance its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, but is currently authorised as a novel food.
Magnesium Taurate
Combined with taurine, a naturally occurring compound.
Magnesium Oxide
A widely available, inexpensive form containing a high proportion of elemental magnesium, although it is generally less readily absorbed than citrate.
So, Which Should You Choose?
Practitioners tend to recommend glycinate because of its digestive tolerability.
Understanding the differences is far more useful than simply following the latest supplement trend.
Interested in the Science?
A 2025 review in Nutrients explores magnesium nutrition, supplementation, and research on different forms.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12655508/